Health AI Central
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Sleep Med2026;109310.October 31, 2026Journal Article

Standardizing wearable sleep data for clinical, research, and public health use: A World Sleep Society specification.

Michael W L Chee1, Mathias Baumert2, Sean P A Drummond3, Hannah Scott4, Cathy A Goldstein5, Massimiliano de Zambotti6, Conor Heneghan7, Josh Leota8, Siqi Hao9, Ljubica Cimesa9, Nicola Cellini10, Sebastiaan Overeem11, Kelly Glazer Baron12, Amir Sharafkhaneh13, Thomas Penzel14, Clete A Kushida15
1Centre for Sleep and Cognition, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: michael.chee@nus.edu.sg.
2Discipline of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
3School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
4Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
5Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
6Ouraring Inc., Science, San Francisco, CA, United States.
7Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, United States.
8School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; WHOOP, Inc., Boston, MA, United States.
9HUAWEI Health Lab, Huawei Technologies, Helsinki, Finland.
10Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Human Inspired Technologies Research Centre, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
11Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Sleep Medicine Center Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, the Netherlands.
12Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
13Department of Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Medicine and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
14Interdisciplinary Sleep Medicine Center, Charité Center for Pneumology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
15Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

Consumer health trackers (CHTs) capable of estimating sleep have become widely adopted and are increasingly used by individuals, researchers, and healthcare professionals to characterize habitual sleep patterns and their relationship to health. Although many manufacturers report similarly named sleep measures, these are often defined, computed, and represented differently across the industry, hind…

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