Peer-Reviewed Publication
Lancet Reg Health Eur2026;69101823.October 1, 2026Journal Article
Acute viral bronchiolitis before and after implementation of nirsevimab prophylaxis in Italy: a multicentre retrospective cohort study.
Mattia Spatuzzo1,2,3, Antonio Corsello1,4, Matteo Riccò5, Enea Bonci2, Domenico Di Francesco6, Marina Francesca Strati7, Gianmarco Amodio8, Riccardo Manzalini9, Elisa Costantini10, Sofia Mazzotti11, Marco Renni1,12, Francesca Coralluzzo13, Letizia Langone14, Elena Fiumicelli15, Greta Albonico16, Susanna Adornato17, Valeria Passarella18, Antonella Piras19, Francesca Forcucci20, Maria Cristina Capuano21, Anna Basile22, Maria Albini23, Alessia Cafforio24, Claudio Coppola25,26, Monica Palmoni27, Giulia Bertolucci28, Silvia Bertolo29, Corrado Di Febo30, Annalidia Donato31,32, Gabriele Di Pasquale33, Fabio Toscano34, Grazia Tolfa35, Marta Arpinelli36, Gian Luigi Marseglia4,37, Rino Agostiniani38,39, Fabio Midulla2,
1National Observatory of Pediatric Residents (ONSP), Italy.
2Pediatric Emergency and Pulmonology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, School of Pediatrics, Department of Maternal, Infant and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
3Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
4Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
5Department of Public Health, Service for Occupational Health and Safety on the Workplaces (SPSAL), AUSL IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
6Subintensive Care Unit, Pediatric Emergency Department, Santobono Pausillipon Hospital, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
7Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, Intermediate Care Unit, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy.
8Pediatric Unit, Regina Margherita Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
9Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, Neonatal ICU, Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
10Pediatric Emergency Unit, Neonatology, Infectious Diseases, and Pulmonology, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli Children's Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
11Pediatric Unit, University Hospital of Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
12IRCCS Meyer Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
13Pediatric and Emergency Department, San Giovanni di Dio and Ruggi d'Aragona Hospital, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.
14Pediatric Unit, Le Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
15Pediatric Unit, Perugia Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
16Pediatric Unit, Del Ponte Hospital, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
17Department of Women's and Children's Health and Public Health Sciences, Pediatric and Pediatric Emergency Unit, Policlinico A. Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
18Pediatric Unit and Pediatric Emergency Unit, Spedali Civili Hospital, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
19Pediatric Unit, G. Brotzu Hospital and A. Cao Microcitemic Hospital, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
20Pediatric and Neonatology Clinic, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
21Pediatric Unit, Sant'Anna and San Sebastiano Hospital, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy.
22Pediatric Unit (SOD), Salesi Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
23Pediatric Unit, IRCCS San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
24Section of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
25Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
26Pediatric Unit, Sant'Antonio Abate Hospital, Trapani, Italy.
27Pediatric and Neonatology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
28Pediatric Unit, Pisa Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
29Pediatric and Pediatric Emergency Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
30Pediatric Unit, AOU Maggiore della Carità, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.
31Neonatology and NICU, Maternal-Infant Department, Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy.
32Pediatrics Unit, University "Magna Graecia" - Catanzaro, Italy.
33Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Applied Biotechnology, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
34Pediatric Emergency and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, G. Martino University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
35General and Specialized Pediatrics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, University of Foggia, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
36Pediatric Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Department of Neuroscience Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
37Board of Directors of Italian Pediatric Residency Programs, Italy.
38Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP), Italy.
39Department of Pediatrics, San Jacopo Hospital, Pistoia, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute viral bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalisation in the first year of life, with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) accounting for more than 60% of cases. A long-acting monoclonal antibody (nirsevimab) has been introduced for infants entering their first epidemic season. 2024-2025 season was the first with nirsevimab availability in Italy. We assessed its impact on bron…
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