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Clin Cancer Res2026;32(13):2765-2786.July 1, 2026Journal Article

ADC Target Profiling in NSCLC: Generalizable AI Separates TROP-2 and cMET Phenotypes.

Philipp Anders1,2, Marvin Sextro3,4,5, Katja Lingelbach3, Kai Standvoss3, Suhas Pandhe3, Sandip Ghosh3, Cornelius Böhm3, Stephan Tietz3, Rosemarie Krupar3, Lars Tharun1,2, Marie-Lisa Eich1, Julika Ribbat-Idel3, Evelyn Ramberger3, Xizi Liang1, Verena Aumiller3, Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse6, Alexander Quaas6, Nikolaj Frost7, Georg Schlachtenberger8, Matthias Heldwein8, Ulrich Keilholz9,10, Khosro Hekmat8, Jens-Carsten Rückert11, Reinhard Büttner6, Christian Grohe12, David Horst1,10, Maximilian Alber1,3, Lukas Ruff3, Frederick Klauschen1,5,13,14, Gabriel Dernbach1,3,5, Philipp Seegerer3, Simon Schallenberg1,10
1Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
2MVZ HPH Institut für Pathologie und Hämatopathologie GmbH, Hamburg, Germany.
3Aignostics GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
4Machine Learning Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
5BIFOLD - Berlin Institute for the Foundation of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany.
6Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
7Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
8Department of General, Visceral, Oncological and Thoracic Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
9Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
10German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Berlin Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany.
11Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
12Klinik für Pneumologie, Evangelische Lungenklinik, Berlin, Germany.
13Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, München, Germany.
14German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Munich Partner Site, Heidelberg, Germany.
PubMed PMC DOI PDF

Abstract

PURPOSE: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) targeting trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) and cMET are entering clinical trials in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Their translation depends on reliable biomarker assessment, a task still dominated by subjective visual scoring and inconsistent reproducibility. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We built a modular Artificial Intelligence (AI) pipeline that…

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