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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Brain Behav2026;16(4):e71314.April 1, 2026Journal Article

A Meta-Analysis of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies on In-Group and Out-Group Categorization.

Kelly H L Sng1,2, Xavier Y H Lim2, Annabel S H Chen2,3,4,5, Gianluca Esposito6
1Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Graduate Programme, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
2Psychology Program, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
3Centre For Research and Development in Learning (CRADLE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
4Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
5Office of Educational Research, National Institute of Education, Singapore, Singapore.
6Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Systematic variations in neural activation patterns during processing of group categorization is a facet often overlooked in extant meta-analyses that typically treated all group memberships and task types as homogenous entities. Recognizing the necessity to differentiate between various group memberships and task types due to them eliciting distinct neural activity, our study addres…

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