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Peer-Reviewed Publication
J Clin Med2025;14(13)July 7, 2025Journal Article

Comparison of Validity and Reliability of Manual Consensus Grading vs. Automated AI Grading for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Oslo, Norway: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.

Mia Karabeg1,2, Goran Petrovski1,2,3,4, Katrine Holen2, Ellen Steffensen Sauesund2, Dag Sigurd Fosmark2, Greg Russell5, Maja Gran Erke2, Vallo Volke6, Vidas Raudonis7, Rasa Verkauskiene8, Jelizaveta Sokolovska9, Morten Carstens Moe1,2, Inga-Britt Kjellevold Haugen10, Beata Eva Petrovski1,2,8
1Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
2Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
3Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Centre, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia.
4UKLONetwork, University St. Kliment Ohridski-Bitola, 7000 Bitola, North Macedonia.
5Clinical Development, Eyenuk Inc., Woodland Hills, CA 91367, USA.
6Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
7Automation Department, Kaunas University of Technology, 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania.
8Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania.
9Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Street 3, LV1004 Riga, Latvia.
10Norwegian Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted, 0354 Oslo, Norway.
PubMed PMC DOI PDF

Abstract

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. Manual grading of fundus images is the gold standard in DR screening, although it is time-consuming. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms offer a faster alternative, though concerns remain about their diagnostic reliability. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study among patients (≥18 years) with diabet…

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