Peer-Reviewed Publication
Eur Radiol2026October 16, 2026Journal Article

VERIDAH: solving enumeration anomaly-aware vertebra labeling across imaging sequences.

Hendrik Möller1,2, Hanna Schön3,4, Robert Graf3,5, Matan Atad3,5, Nathan Molinier6, Anjany Sekuboyina7, Bettina K Budai8, Fabian Bamberg9, Steffen Ringhof9, Christopher Schlett9, Tobias Pischon10, Thoralf Niendorf11, Josua A Decker12, Marc-André Weber4, Bjoern Menze7, Daniel Rueckert5,13, Jan S Kirschke3
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany. hendrik.moeller@tum.de.
2Chair for AI in Healthcare and Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany. hendrik.moeller@tum.de.
3Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
4Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
5Chair for AI in Healthcare and Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
6NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal and Mila (Quebec AI Institute), Quebec, Canada.
7Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
8Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
9Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
10Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
11Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility (B.U.F.F.), Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
12Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
13Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Although the identification of enumeration anomalies has potential clinical implications for chronic back pain and operation planning, the thoracolumbar junction is poorly assessed and rarely described in clinical reports. Additionally, even though multiple deep-learning-based vertebra labeling algorithms exist, there is a lack of methods to automatically label enumeration anomalies.…

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