Health AI Central
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Lancet Glob Health2026;104062.October 12, 2026Journal Article

Artificial intelligence-supported diabetic retinopathy screening in Tanzania: a randomised controlled trial.

Charles R Cleland1, Covadonga Bascaran2, William U Makupa3, Bernadetha Shilio4, Justus Rwiza3, Lusekelo Nyale3, Edith Macha3, Fatima Mumba3, Franki Sandi5, Heiko Philippin6, Ana P Marques2, Louis Bolter7, John Anderson7, Catherine Egan8, Adnan Tufail8, Pearse A Keane8, Alastair K Denniston9, David Macleod10, Matthew J Burton11
1International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania. Electronic address: charles.cleland@lshtm.ac.uk.
2International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
3Eye Department, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.
4Ministry of Health, Dodoma, Tanzania.
5The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania.
6International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
7Homerton University Hospital, London, UK.
8National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Hospital London NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
9National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Hospital London NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, Birmingham, UK; Department of Applied Health Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
10Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
11International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Hospital London NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Non-attendance after referral from screening is one of the major challenges for diabetic retinopathy screening programmes in Africa. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems for the identification of diabetic retinopathy can provide point-of-screening results and therefore enable immediate counselling. We aimed to investigate whether AI-supported diabetic retinopathy screening, with a poin…

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