Peer-Reviewed Publication
J Allergy Clin Immunol2026September 28, 2026Journal Article
miRNA profiling identifies biomarkers and regulatory networks involving TGF-β/T-cell pathways in FPIES.
Alberto Gómez-Carballa1, Julián Montoto-Louzao2, Sandra Viz-Lasheras2, Irene Rivero Calle3, Jacobo Pardo-Seco2, Xabier Bello2, Nour El Zahraa Mallah2, Adrián Álvarez Martín2, Laura Argiz4, Robert J Boyle5, Adnan Custovic6, Jethro Herberg7, Myrsini Kaforou7, Stefania Arasi8, Alessandro Fiocchi8, Valentina Pecora8, Simona Barni9, Francesca Mori9, Teresa Bracamonte10, Luis Echeverria10, Virginia O'Valle-Aísa11, Noelia Lara Hernández-Martínez11, Iria Carballeira12, Emilio García12, Carlos Garcia-Magan13, José Domingo Moure-González13, Purificación Gonzalez-Delgado14, Teresa Garriga-Baraut15, Sonsoles Infante16, Gabriela Zambrano-Ibarra16, Margarita Tomás-Pérez16, Adrianna Machinena17, Mariona Pascal18, Ana Prieto19, Sonia Vázquez-Cortes20, Montserrat Fernández-Rivas21, Leticia Vila22, Laia Alsina23, María José Torres24, Giusi Mangone25, Maria-Fernanda González-Matamala26, Federico Martinón-Torres3, Marta Vázquez-Ortiz6, Antonio Salas27
1Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Genética de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), 15706 Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain; Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, 15706 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: Alberto.Gomez.Carballa@sergas.es.
2Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Genética de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), 15706 Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain; Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, 15706 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain.
3Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, 15706 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain; Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, 15706 Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
4Allergy Section, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain.
5School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
6Section of Inflammation, Repair and Development, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
7Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, United Kingdom.
8Allergy Diseases Research Area, Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
9Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy.
10Paediatric Allergy Section, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
11Clinical Analysis and Clinical Biochemistry Service, Severo Ochoa University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
12Paediatric Allergy Section, Arquitecto Marcide Hospital, Ferrol, Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
13Paediatrics Department. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
14Allergy Department, General University Hospital, Alicante, Spain.
15Paediatric Allergy Section, Vall D'Hebron University Hospital, Growth and Development Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.
16Pediatric Allergy Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Gregorio Marañón Health Research Institute IiSGM, Madrid, Spain.
17Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, and Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain.
18Immunology Department, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
19Paediatric Allergy Section, General University Hospital, Malaga, Spain.
20Allergy Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
21Allergy Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
22Paediatric Allergy Section, Teresa Herrera Hospital, Coruna, Spain.
23Clinical Immunology and Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD) and Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
24Allergy Department, General University Hospital, Malaga, Spain; Allergy Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, Málaga, Spain; Universidad de Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain; Allergy Clinical Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
25Immunology Division, Section of Pediatrics, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.
26Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Centro del Alérgico, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
27Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, and Genética de Poblaciones en Biomedicina (GenPoB) Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), 15706 Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (SERGAS), Galicia, Spain; Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group (GenViP), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago, 15706 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBER-ES), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: antonio.salas@usc.es.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a potentially life-threatening, non-IgE-mediated food allergy that primarily affects young children. Currently, diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and oral food challenges (OFC), which carry inherent risks. Consequently, FPIES is often misdiagnosed, leading to unnecessary interventions and delayed management. Despite i…
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