Peer-Reviewed Publication
BMJ Open2026;16(9):e114851.September 23, 2026Journal Article
Intelligent Lung Support in the Intensive Care Unit (IntelliLung): study protocol for an international observational, prospective, multicentre study.
Raphael Theilen1, Robert Huhle1, Martin Scharffenberg1, Franziska Fischer1, Tim Kramer1, Thea Koch1, Lorenzo Ball2,3, Lluis Blanch4,5,6, Leonardo Sarlabous4,5,6, Fernando Suárez-Sipmann5,6,7,8, Konstanty Szuldrzynski9, Milosz Jankowski9, Julia Kalinka10, Evelyn Trips10, Barbara Djawid10, Sarah Tsurkan11, Valentina Janev12, Miloš Nenadović12, Dejan Paunović12, Sahar Vahdati13, Jaume M Castells14, Andrea Kurz15, Ahmed Hallawa16, Ary Serpa Neto17,18,19,20, Marcus J Schultz21,22,23,24,25, Marcelo Gama de Abreu1,26, Jakob Wittenstein27,
1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
2Anesthesia and Critical Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
3Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS per l'Oncologia e le Neuroscienze, Genova, Italy.
4Critical Care Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació I Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Sabadell, Spain.
5Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
6Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sabadelle, Spain.
7Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa. Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
8Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario la Princesa, Universitario la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
9Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, National Medical Institute Ministry of Interior and Administration, Warsaw, Poland.
10Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
11Else Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
12Institute Mihajlo Pupin, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
13Nature-Inspired Machine Intelligence Group, Institute for Applied Informatics (InfAI), Dresden, Germany.
14Better Care SL Head of Engineering & Company Co-Founder, Better Care, Sabadelle, Spain.
15Rector, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
16Department of Information Theory and Data Analytics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
17Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
18Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
19Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
20Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
21Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
22Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand.
23Department of Intensive Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
24Nuffield Department of Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
25Department of Anesthesia, General Intensive Care and Pain Management, Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia & Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
26Division of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Department of Anaesthesiology, Integrated Health Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
27Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Engineering Group, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany Jakob.wittenstein@ukdd.de.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is lifesaving in the intensive care unit (ICU) but can cause complications if not individualised according to the patient's needs. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven decision support systems (AI-DSS) may theoretically optimise MV settings. This international observational, prospective, multicentre study aims to validate the IntelliLung AI-DSS in real clin…
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