1Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
2Harvard Center for Bioethics and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
3Harvard-Thorndike Electrophysiology Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
4Archimedes Center for Healthcare and Medical Device Cybersecurity, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Bioengineering, Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts.
5Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.
6Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts.