Health AI Central
Peer-Reviewed Publication
BMJ Open2026;16(9):e108693.September 9, 2026Journal Article

Comparison of an ensemble machine learning model to a Cox regression model to predict colorectal cancer risk among people with HIV using retrospective nationwide cohort data in Sweden: a study protocol.

Josefin Nilsson1, Yunyang Deng2, Olof Elvstam3,4, Isabela Killander-Möller5, Jiayao Lei2, Fredrik Mansson6, Pontus Naucler7, Jonas Nygren8,9, Suzanne Ruhe-van der Werff7, Philippe Wagner10, Aylin Yilmaz11,12, Johanna Brännström5,13,14, Magnus Boman15, Christina Carlander5,7,15
1Unit of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden josefin.nilsson@ki.se.
2Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
3Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
4Department of Infectious Diseases, Växjö Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden.
5Unit of Infectious Diseases and Dermatology, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.
6Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Malmo, Sweden.
7Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
8Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
9Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
10Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
11Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg,Sweden.
12Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
13Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
14Department of Infectious Diseases, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
15Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: There are currently no colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommendations specifically outlined for people with HIV (PWH). Screening measures used for people without HIV (PWoH) have been previously discussed as sufficient for use among PWH, despite observations of higher CRC prevalence and CRC reportedly appearing at earlier ages among PWH in comparison to PWoH. Machine learning (ML)…

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