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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Lancet2026September 3, 2026Journal Article

Porcine kidney xenotransplantation as a bridge to allotransplantation: a first-in-human study.

Leonardo V Riella1, Thiago J Borges2, Ivy A Rosales3, Claire T Avillach3, Ragnar Palsson4, Frank Hullekes2, Ruchama Verhoeff2, Anna Pomahac2, Jia-Yun Chen5, Sandro Santagata6, Alessia Giarraputo3, R Neal Smith3, Helen N Le4, Jay A Barth7, Susan C Low7, Kristen Getchell7, Michael Curtis7, Steve Perrin8, Martin Kolev9, Sivan Bercovici10, Martin S Lindner10, Guilherme T Ribas2, Varsha K Tanguturi2, Aneesh C Bapat11, Vikram Pattanayak3, Alban Longchamp2, Joseph El-Khoury12, Michael Duggan13, Shimul Shah2, Richard Pierson2, Joren C Madsen2, Jay A Fishman12, Nahel Elias2, Robert B Colvin3, Tatsuo Kawai2
1Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: lriella@mgh.harvard.edu.
2Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
3Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
4Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
5Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
6Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
7eGenesis, Cambridge, MA, USA.
8Eledon Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA, USA.
9Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA, USA.
10Karius, Redwood City, CA, USA.
11Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Telemachus and Irene Demoulas Family Foundation Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
12Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
13Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Kidney xenotransplantation offers a potential solution to the organ shortage, but questions remain regarding durability, zoonotic infection risk, and whether the immunological response to the xenograft elicits sensitisation that could complicate subsequent allotransplantation. We report outcomes from a porcine kidney xenograft in a living recipient followed by human allotransplantation…

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