Psychiatric and eye disorders associated with use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs).

Ilaria Ammendolia^1,2, Cristina Mondello³, Emanuela Esposito², Gioacchino Calapai², Mariaconcetta Currò⁴, Paola Midiri⁴, Bernardo Firenzuoli⁵, Alberto Noto⁶, Antonino Cancellieri⁶, Luigi Cardia⁶, Alessio Ardizzone⁷, Fabrizio Calapai⁸

¹Simple Departmental Unit of Pharmacy, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Messina, Italy.

²Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

³Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

⁴Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

⁵Department of Mental Health, AUSL Toscana Centro, UFSMIA, Valdinievole, Italy.

⁶Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.

⁷UniCamillus-Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy.

⁸Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. fabrizio.calapai@unime.it.

PubMed DOI

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) semaglutide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide are indicated for diabetes. Semaglutide and liraglutide were also approved for therapy of obesity or weight control. Apprehension has been expressed about the possible link between GLP-1 RAs and suicidality. Drug agencies established no causal relationship, but declaring that this risk cannot be underev…

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