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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Mar Pollut Bull2026;233(Pt 2):120264.August 20, 2026Journal Article

Identifying wastewater pollution hotspots in coastal Hawaiian waters with high freshwater inputs.

Joseph W P Nakoa1, Tracy N Wiegner2, Steven L Colbert3, Karla J McDermid3, Shayla M P Waiki1, Nicholas M Storie4, Devon K Aguiar3, Craig E Nelson4
1Tropical Conservation Biology and Environmental Science Graduate Program, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.
2Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI, 96720, USA. Electronic address: wiegner@hawaii.edu.
3Marine Science Department, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili St., Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.
4Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography Research and Education, Department of Oceanography and Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1950 East West Road, Honolulu, 96822, USA.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

Identification of wastewater pollution hotspots and sources is a management priority because wastewater threatens human and ecosystem health in coastal waters. We assessed wastewater pollution from onsite sewage disposal systems (OSDS) and an offshore wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outfall in the coastal waters of Hilo, Hawai'i, an area with high freshwater inputs from groundwater and rivers. T…

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