Artificial intelligence in robotic urologic surgery: a scoping review.

Francesco Cei^1,2,3, Hossein Arang⁴, Ethan Layne⁵, Conner Ganjavi⁵, Severin Rodler⁶, Edoardo Beatrici^7,8, Pieter De Backer^7,8, Ruben De Groote^7,8, Geert De Naeyer^7,8, Alexandre Mottrie^7,8, Andrea Salonia^9,10, Giorgio Gandaglia^9,10, Francesco Montorsi^9,10, Giovanni Cacciamani⁵, Nicholas Raison⁴, Alejandro Granados⁴, Anna Kim⁴, Sebastien Ourselin⁴, Armando Stabile⁹, Prokar Dasgupta⁴, Alberto Briganti^9,10

¹Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy. cei.francesco@hsr.it.

²Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. cei.francesco@hsr.it.

³USC Institute of Urology and Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA. cei.francesco@hsr.it.

⁴Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's Health Partner's, London, UK.

⁵USC Institute of Urology and Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

⁶Department of Urology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

⁷Department of Urology, OLV Hospital Aalst, Aalst, Belgium.

⁸Orsi Academy, Ghent, Belgium.

⁹Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.

¹⁰Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.

PubMed DOI

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being integrated into robotic urologic surgery. However, existing literature remains fragmented across different technological domains. This scoping review aimed to systematically map and synthesize current evidence on AI applications within robotic urologic surgery, identifying principal domains, clinical relevance, and existing lim…

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