Automated segmentation of thyroid tissue and carotid artery in ultrasound videos using expert-in-the-loop deep learning: a foundational step toward AI-assisted thyroid diagnostics.

Maria Bolomiti^1,2, Joel Burman³, Keyur Radiya⁴, Olav Inge Håskjold⁵, Karl Øyvind Mikalsen^4,3, Vegard Heimly Brun^5,4

¹Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. maria.bolomiti@unn.no.

²Dept of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway. maria.bolomiti@unn.no.

³The Norwegian Centre for Clinical Artificial Intelligence, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.

⁴Dept of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9038, Tromsø, Norway.

⁵Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.

PubMed DOI

Abstract

Ultrasound (US) is the primary imaging modality for thyroid evaluation, yet its diagnostic accuracy remains highly operator dependent. Automated identification of thyroid anatomy and adjacent vascular structures may improve standardisation, support image-guided procedures, and enhance preoperative decision-making in endocrine surgery. In this study, 300 B-mode ultrasound videos from 280 patients (…

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