Peer-Reviewed Publication
JAMA2026July 29, 2026Journal Article
Global Burden of Elevated LDL-C: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.
, Christian Razo1,2, Nicole K DeCleene1, Catherine O Johnson1, Benjamin A Stark1, Kate LeGrand1, Hasan Aalruz3, Ukachukwu O Abaraogu4, Samar Abd ElHafeez5, Michael Abdelmasseh6, Mahmoud Abdelnabi7, Sherief Abd-Elsalam8, Rasha Abdelsalam Elshenawy9, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab10, Ali Abdolizadeh11, Arash Abdollahi12, Meriem Abdoun13, Mostafa M Abdrabou14, Deldar Morad Abdulah15, Auwal Abdullahi16, Toufik Abdul-Rahman17, Melese Shenkut Abebe18, Habtamu Abebe Getahun19, Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun20, Olumide Abiodun21, Shady Abohashem22, Ulric Sena Abonie23, Nagah M Abourashed24, Dmitry Abramov25, Mohammed Mehdi Abrar26, Dariush Abtahi27, Rana Kamal Abu Farha28, Bilyaminu Abubakar29, Ahmad Y Abuhelwa30, Hana J Abukhadijah31, Salahdein Aburuz32, Dina Abushanab33, Lisa C Adams34, Nuhu Lawan Lawan Adamu35, Mesafint Molla Adane36, Isaac Yeboah Addo37, Kamoru Ademola Adedokun38, Oluwatobi E Adegbile39, Nurudeen A Adegoke40, Saheed Ayodeji Adekola41, Olumide Thomas Adeleke42, Miracle Ayomikun Adesina43, Molalign Aligaz Adisu44, Mohd Adnan45, Clifford Afoakwah46, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi47, Fatemeh Afrashteh12, Ebenezer Afrifa-Yamoah48, Saira Afzal49, Percival Delali Agordoh50, Williams Agyemang-Duah51, Aqeel Ahmad52, Khabir Ahmad53, Sajjad Ahmad54, Suhaib Ahmad55, Asma Ahmed56, Gasha Salih Ahmed57, Luai A Ahmed32, Mehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed58, Meqdad Saleh Ahmed15, Mohamed Sherif Ali Ahmed59, Mushood Ahmed60, Nesredin Ahmed61, Syed Anees Ahmed62, Zohra Ahmed63, Aishwarya Aiyer64, Marjan Ajami27, Kasuni H M Akalanka65, Muhammad Nadeem Akhtar56, Mukadas Oyeniran Akindele16, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif66, Ashley E Akrami67, Ralph Kwame Akyea68, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan69, Mohammad Ahmmad Mahmoud Al Zoubi70, Fares Alahdab71, Mohammad M Al-Ahmad72, Stephen Alajajian73, Muaaz M Alajlani74, Tariq A Alalwan75, Ziyad Al-Aly69, Issa Sulaiman Al-Amri76, Turki M Alanzi77, Abdullah Alarifi78, Fahmi Y Al-Ashwal79, Ahmad Al-Azayzih80, Sayer Al-Azzam80, Ahmad M Al-Bashaireh81, Mohammed Albashtawy82, Nader Al-Dewik33, Shereen M Aleidi30, Fahad D Algahtani45, Abdelazeem M Algammal83, Khalid F Alhabib84, Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa85, Abid Ali86, Asgar Ali87, Bassam R Ali32, Mohammad Daud Ali88, Mohammed Usman Ali89, Rafat Ali90, Syed Shujait Ali91, Montaha Al-Iede92, Sheikh Mohammad Alif93, Morteza Alipour94, Samah W Al-Jabi95, Syed Mohamed Aljunid96, Mayson H Alkhatib76, Sameer Abdulmalik Alkubati45, Raad Hatim Allawi97, Khaled S Allemailem98, Mohammed Z Allouh32, Wesam Taher Almagharbeh99, Wael Almahmeed100, Sabah Al-Marwani101, Joseph Uy Almazan102, Mohmmad Minwer Alnaeem103, Hasan Yaser Alniss30, Mahmoud A Alomari80, Haifa F F Alotaibi104, Saleh A Alqahtani105, Mohammad AlQudah80, Mohammad R Alqudimat106, Ahmad Rajeh Al-Qudimat33, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi107, Intima Alrimawi108, Sahel Majed Alrousan109, Mohammed Alsbou110, Najim Z Alshahrani111, Ali Salman Al-Shami112, Zaid Altaany113, Awais Altaf56, Malik A Althobiani107, Diala Altwalbeh114, Hassan Alwafi115, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi116, Hany Aly117, Abdulmohsen Hamdan Al-Zalabani118, Abdallah Alzoubi110, Karem H Alzoubi85, Adel S Al-Zubairi112, Joy Amafah119, Masoud Aman Mohammadi120, Amr Amin30, Saeed Amini121, Ehsan Amini-Salehi122, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa123, Roshan A Ananda124, Robert Ancuceanu125, Song Peng Ang126, Ebuka Miracle Anieto127, Abhishek Anil128, Prapti Anjana129, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa130, Saeid Anvari122, Sumadi Lukman Anwar131, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor65, Walter Appati132, Jalal Arabloo12, Elshaimaa A Arafa110, Mosab Arafat72, Aleksandr Y Aravkin133, Demelash Areda134, Reza Arefnezhad135, Brhane Berhe Aregawi136, Jorge Arias de la Torre137, Timur Aripov138, Jesu Arockiaraj139, Gustavo Aires de Arruda140, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq141, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi142, Saad Ashraf143, Syed Amir Ashraf45, Tahira Ashraf144, Bernard Kwadwo Yeboah Asiamah-Asare145, Omer Atac146, Mohammad Athar115, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari147, Prince Atorkey148, Khursheed Aurangzeb84, Sana Javaid Awan56, Usman Ayub Awan149, Kemal Lemnuro Lemnuro Awol150, Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe16, Camila Ospina Ayala151, Berrak Itir Ayli152, A K M Azad153, Alireza Azarboo154, Sadat Abdulla Aziz155, Ahmed Y Azzam156, Domenico Azzolino157, Rasha Babiker158, Abraham Samuel Babu159, Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu85, Muhammad Badar160, Ashish D Badiye161, Alaa Aboelnour Badran162, Khlood K Baghlaf107, Atif Amin Baig99, Mohamad Amin Bakhshali163, Marina Balabekova164, Senthilkumar Balakrishnan165, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu166, Maciej Banach167, Palash Chandra Banik168, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi30, Amadou Barrow169, Lingkan Barua168, Muhammad Irfan Bashir170, Shahid Bashir56, Azadeh Bashiri135, Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan154, Mahdis Bayat27, Mulat Tirfie Bayih36, Narasimha M Beeraka171, Tahmina Begum172, Priyamadhaba Behera128, Surama Manjari Behera128, Babak Behnam173, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez174, Melesse Belayneh36, Abdulrahman Babatunde Bello175, Luis Belo176, Abiye Assefa Berihun177, Sonu Bhaskar178, Priyadarshini Bhattacharjee179, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti180, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti181, Atanu Biswas182, Bijit Biswas183, Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni184, Mahmut Bodur185, Sitotaw Kerie Bogale186, Lucimere Bohn176, Archith Boloor187, Paria Bolourinejad188, Aime Bonny189, Alejandro Botero Carvajal190, Souad Bouaoud191, Sofiane Boudalia192, Gabrielle Britton193, Raffaele Bugiardini194, Felix Busch34, Yasser Bustanji92, Zahid A Butt195, Luciana Aparecida Campos196, Yu Cao197, Alberico L Catapano198, Luca Cegolon199, Francieli Cembranel200, Edina Cenko194, Ester Cerin201, Joshua Chadwick202, Chiranjib Chakraborty203, Rama Mohan Chandika10, Eeshwar K Chandrasekar204, Baskaran Chandrasekaran205, Vijay Kumar Chattu206, Lam Duc Chau207, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary153, Sirshendu Chaudhuri208, Asad Ali Ahmed Cheema209, An-Tian Chen210, Hana Chen211, Haowei Chen212, Haojin Cheng213, Ka Ching Cheung214, Nicholas W S Chew197, Gerald Chi215, Fatemeh Chichagi154, Patrick R Ching216, William C S Cho217, Dong-Woo Choi218, Bryan Chong197, Deepti Chopra219, Hitesh Chopra220, Shivani Chopra221, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari222, Dinh-Toi Chu223, Chidozie Williams Chukwu224, Sheng-Chia Chung225, Sunghyun Chung226, Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero194, Claudia Cosma227, Michael H Criqui228, Natalia Cruz-Martins229, Omid Dadras230, Lina Dahabiyeh92, Bishal Dahal Khatri231, Xiaochen Dai133, Zhaoli Dai232, Mayank Dalakoti233, Emanuele D'Amico234, Endalamaw Tesfa Damtie36, Lalit Dandona235, Rakhi Dandona235, Lucio D'Anna236, Pojsakorn Danpanichkul237, Samuel Demissie Darcho61, Latefa Ali Dardas92, Sayan Kumar Das238, Dimash Davletov164, Kairat Davletov164, Tadesse Asmamaw Dejenie19, Cristian Del Bo'239, Ivan Delgado-Enciso240, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez241, Ismail Dergaa242, Hunegnaw Almaw Derseh36, Emina Derviševic243, Aragaw Tesfaw Desale244, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu245, Devananda Devegowda246, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan247, Arkadeep Dhali248, Meghnath Dhimal231, Bibha Dhungel249, Diana Dias da Silva250, Kimia Didehvar251, Xueting Ding252, Thanh Chi Do253, Thao Huynh Phuong Do254, Sushil Dohare10, Dachuan Dong255, Mario D'Oria199, Fariba Dorostkar12, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi256, Rajkumar Prakashbhai Doshi257, Paulo Magno Martins Dourado258, Robert Kokou Dowou50, Menayit Tamrat Dresse259, Mi Du260, Bruce B Duncan261, Andre Rodrigues Duraes262, Osamudiamen Ebohon97, Lamiaa Labieb Mahmoud Ebraheim263, Cynthia Edeh177, Behrad Eftekhari122, Ashkan Eighaei Sedeh264, Michael Ekholuenetale265, Rabie Adel El Arab266, Mohamed Ahmed Eladl30, Ahmed Eldaboush267, Faris El-Dahiyat268, Islam Y Elgendy269, Muhammed Elhadi270, Mohamed Elhoumed271, Waseem El-Huneidi30, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy5, Mohamed A Elmonem14, Adel B Elmoselhi30, Mohamed Hassan Elnaem272, Abdelgawad Salah Eltahawy273, Farshid Etaee274, Natalia Fabin275, Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka276, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe175, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev164, Sodiq Fakorede277, Abdullah Farasani10, Mohammad Fareed141, Aisha Farhana278, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris28, Farima Farsi154, Zareen Fatima56, Mohammad Fayaz279, Timur Fazylov164, Ginenus Fekadu280, Rodrigo Fernandez-Jimenez281, Nuno Ferreira282, Florian Fischer283, Federica Fogacci194, Marco Fonzo284, Matteo Foschi285, Muktar A Gadanya16, Márió Gajdács286, Yaseen Galali287, Balasankar Ganesan288, Balasubramanian Ganesh202, Shivaprakash Gangachannaiah159, Dingwei Gao289, David Garcia-Azorin290, Paarth Garg291, Danijela Gasevic292, Rupesh K Gautam293, Bamba Gaye294, Mizan Habtemichael Gebresilassie26, Lemma Getacher295, Kalab Yigermal Gete36, Fataneh Ghadirian27, Kazem Ghaffari121, Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi12, Arin Ghamkhar296, Lobna Gharaibeh297, Mohammadreza Ghasemi27, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy5, Sailaja Ghimire231, Nermin Ghith298, Artyom Urievich Gil299, Syed Abdullah Gilani76, Paramjit Singh Gill300, Elena V Gnedovskaya301, Lay Hoon Goh197, Kimiya Gohari302, Megha Nishith Gohil303, Mahaveer Golechha304, Pouya Goleij305, Melika Golmohammadi27, Alessandra C Goulart306, Aman Goyal117, Ayman Grada307, Ashna Grover308, Long Gu309, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari155, Zenawi Hagos Gufue136, Avirup Guha307, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane310, Zheng Guo311, Rajeev Gupta312, Sapna Gupta313, Filippo Luca Gurgoglione314, Jose Guzman-Esquivel315, Eduardo Guzmán-Muñoz316, Arian Haghtalab120, Nguyen Hai Nam317, Kirubel Tesfaye Hailu318, Pritam Halder319, Nadia M Hamdy320, Hossein Hamidi321, Samer Hamidi322, Eman A Hammad323, Rifat Hamoudi30, Asif Hanif324, Nasrin Hanifi147, Graeme J Hankey325, Sara Harsini326, Phillipp Hartmann228, Ikramul Hasan327, Mohammad Hashem Hashempur135, Md Saquib Hasnain203, Amr Hassan14, Ibrahim Nagmeldin Hassan328, Ikrama Hassan329, Nageeb Hassan110, Treska S Hassan287, Omed Hassan Ahmed330, Khezar Hayat331, Jeffrey J Hebert332, Yosra A Helmy269, Kamal Hezam333, Yuta Hiraike334, Ramesh Holla159, Mehdi Hoseinzadeh330, Mihaela Hostiuc125, Sorin Hostiuc125, Priya Hotwani335, Mila Nu Nu Htay336, Yifei Hu337, Junjie Huang338, Yu-Song Huang339, Kiavash Hushmandi340, Dursa Hussein341, Mohammed Asif Hussein221, Bing-Fang Hwang342, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye175, Ismail A Ibrahim343, Khalid S Ibrahim344, Anel Ibrayeva164, Adalia Ikiroma345, Jibran Ikram117, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi346, Irena M Ilic347, Milena D Ilic348, Mohammad Tarique Imam349, Masoud Imani154, Sikiru Opeyemi Imodoye350, Lucius Chidiebere Imoh123, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj351, Andreea Iuliana Ionescu125, Radu Tudor Ionescu352, Muhammad Iqhrammullah353, Lalu Muhammad Irham354, Azfar Athar Ishaqui355, Duygu Islek356, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail357, Yerlan Ismoldayev164, Gaetano Isola358, Masao Iwagami359, Mahalaxmi Iyer360, Juan S S Izquierdo-Condoy361, Jaison Jacob128, Ali Jafari-Khounigh362, Ali Jahanshahi122, Haitham Jahrami363, Mihajlo Jakovljevic364, Armaan Jamal365, Navid Jamali366, Jazlan Jamaluddin367, Jerin James139, Masoud Jamshidi368, Robin Jansen369, Esmaeil Jarrahi370, Syed Sarmad Javaid371, Talha Jawaid153, Yovanthi Anurangi Jayasinghe372, Felix K Jebasingh373, Mohammed Jemal374, Seogsong Jeong270, Bijay Mukesh Jeswani177, Zixiang Ji375, Nathan T Jibat177, Wenyi Jin280, Mohammad Jokar376, Tamas Joo377, Akaninyene Paul Joseph378, Mickael Antoine Joseph379, Nitin Joseph187, Jesu Vijay Sheldon Joseph Michael Raj380, Krupal Joshi381, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua382, Sang-Hyuk Jung383, Mikk Jürisson384, Vaishali K159, Dler H Hussein Kadir385, Farima Kahe386, Ashish Kumar Kakkar319, Rizwan Kalani133, Khalil Kalavani387, Sanjay Kalra388, Saltanat Kamenova164, Ramat T Kamorudeen389, Oleksandr Kamyshnyi390, Saddam Fuad Kanaan85, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi391, Subham Kansal392, Rami S Kantar393, Neeti Kapoor161, Debasish Kar394, Mehrdad Karajizadeh135, Paschalis Karakasis395, Reema A Karasneh396, Aliasghar Karimi135, Arman Karimi Behnagh12, Sadanand Karun397, Faizan Zaffar Kashoo58, Manoj Kumar Kashyap398, Mohd Adnan Kausar45, Sina Kazemian154, Yabets Tesfaye Kebede399, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot400, Reza Khademi163, Yousef Saleh Khader80, Himanshu Khajuria401, Anas Khaleel402, Nauman Khalid403, Sidra Khalid404, Anees Ahmed Khalil56, Anita Khalili122, Pantea Khalili12, Ajmal Khan76, Maseer Khan10, Md Abdullah Saeed Khan405, Mohammad Idreesh Khan406, Moien A B Khan32, Muhammad Hamza Khan407, Serab Khan408, Sumaiya Khan90, Yusuf Saleem Khan45, Sameer Uttamaro Khasbage409, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh396, Khalid A Kheirallah80, Samira Khoshvaght330, Pavan Khosla274, Sepehr Khosravi410, Hye Jun Kim411, Kwanghyun Kim412, Ruth W Kimokoti413, Adnan Kisa414, Ladli Kishore415, Mika Kivimäki225, Michail Kokkorakis215, Ali-Asghar Kolahi27, Farzad Kompani154, Aida Kondybayeva164, Oleksii Korzh416, Karel Kostev417, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana418, Kewal Krishan419, Chong-Han Kua420, Mohammed Kuddus45, Mukhtar Kulimbet421, Vishnutheertha Kulkarni422, Chandan Kumar401, Dewesh Kumar423, G Anil Kumar235, Jogender Kumar319, Laksh Kumar143, Nitesh Kumar424, Sanjay Kirshan Kumar425, Amartya Kundu269, Satyajit Kundu426, Setor K Kunutsor427, Maria Dyah Kurniasari428, Krishna Prasad Kurpad429, Dian Kusuma430, Ville Kytö431, Chandrakant Lahariya432, Daphne Teck Ching Lai433, Hanpeng Lai434, Timo Lajunen435, Balzhan Lakanova421, Tea Lallukka435, Tamás Lantos286, Yilma Markos Larebo436, Anders O Larsson437, Savita Lasrado438, Duc Tin Le439, Thao Thi Thu Le440, Thoa Le440, Trang Thi Bich Le441, Caterina Ledda358, Hayeon Lee442, Hwamin Lee270, Sang-Woong Lee443, Sergey Vadimovich Lee164, Seung Won Lee444, Wei-Chen Lee445, Vasileios Leivaditis446, Gebretsadik Kiros Lema447, Dawit Alemu Lemma436, Jimma Lenjisa448, Mitchelle Shilpa Lewis418, Chengfeng Li48, Ming-Chieh Li449, Qiang Li337, Shaojie Li450, Xingang Li451, Yongze Li452, Lee-Ling Lim336, Daniel Lindholm437, Haipeng Liu453, Xianliang Liu454, Xuefeng Liu117, Yubo Liu455, Katherine M Livingstone456, Erand Llanaj457, Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi56, Niroshan Chandrajith Lokunarangoda458, José Francisco López-Gil459, Stefan Lorkowski460, Giancarlo Lucchetti461, Pauline Po Yee Lui338, Peng Luo462, Lei Lv463, Ellina Lytvyak464, Hawraz Ibrahim M Amin287, Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma267, Mahmoud Mabrok83, Monika Machoy-Rakoczy465, Seyed Ataollah Madinehzad27, Pasquale Maffia466, Javier A Magaña Gómez467, Mehrdad Mahalleh154, Nozad Hussein Mahmood468, Ahmad Azam Malik107, Md Zubbair Malik469, Tabarak Malik470, Deborah Carvalho Malta471, Doste Rashid Mamand184, Muhammad Talha Maniya472, Kamaruddeen Mannethodi33, Farheen Mansoor473, Marjan Mansourian188, Shaista Manzoor30, Kaleem Maqsood474, Hamid Reza Marateb475, Basma Hamed Marghani162, Mirko Marino198, Ramon Martinez-Piedra476, Daniela Martini198, Santi Martini477, Miquel Martorell478, Winfried März479, Sammer Marzouk97, Stefano Masi480, Soroush Masrouri27, Neeta Mathur481, Fernanda Penido Matozinhos471, Rita Mattiello261, Richard James Maude482, Georgios Mavrovounis483, Steven M McPhail46, Subhash Mehto484, Hadush Negash Meles136, Walter Mendoza485, Godfred Antony Menezes486, Ritesh G Menezes77, Emiru Ayalew Mengistie36, Tara P Menon487, George A Mensah308, Giovanni Merlino488, Tomislav Mestrovic489, Chamila Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda490, Sachith Mettananda490, Mohamed M M Metwally263, Junmei Miao Jonasson491, Muhammad Agus Naufal Mikrajab492, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas493, Erkin M Mirrakhimov494, Sayan Mitra37, Tridip Mitra495, Madhukar Mittal496, Dhruti Modi497, Mona Gamal Mohamed158, Nouh Saad Mohamed498, Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed328, Ameen Mosa Mohammad15, Taj Mohammad392, Abbas Mohammadi499, Mokhtar Mohammadi500, Saeed Mohammadi76, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani501, Omer Mohammed502, Syam Mohan221, Yazan Mohsen177, Tewodros Shibabaw Molla19, Mariam Molokhia137, Amirabbas Monazzami503, Mohammad Ali Moni504, Sara Montazeri Namin505, AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf163, Mahdis Morovvati154, Reza Mosaddeghi Heris362, Rohith Motappa187, Seyed Ahmad Mousavi370, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh Mousavi Kiasary506, Mehrdad Mozafar154, Kimia Mozahheb Yousefi12, Sumaira Mubarik507, Jibran Sualeh Muhammad508, Yanjinlkham Munkhsaikhan509, Anjana Munshi181, Sani Musa510, Sathish Muthu511, Julius C Mwita512, Woojae Myung411, SeyedAli Nabipoorashrafi133, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan513, Ganesh R Naik514, Hiten Naik515, Firzan Nainu516, Shumaila Nargus56, Yvonne Nartey517, Amir Nasrollahizadeh154, Mahmoud Nassar518, Zuhair S Natto107, Javaid Nauman32, Zakira Naureen76, Samidi Nirasha Kumari Navaratna310, Hala Khaled Nawaiseh323, Biswa Prakash Nayak401, Vinod C Nayak159, Mojdeh Nazari27, Andrew Kamsoko Ndakotsu519, Amanuel Tebabal Nega36, Mulata H Nega447, Abigia Ashenafi Negash177, Ionut Negoi125, Reza Nejad Shahrokh Abadi163, Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi520, Cao Duy Nguyen330, Cuong Tat Nguyen521, Hau Thi Hien Nguyen330, Nghia Phu Nguyen522, Phat Tuan Nguyen523, Van Thanh Nguyen524, Robina Khan Niazi525, Luciano Nieddu526, Richmond Nketia466, Shuhei Nomura527, Mamoona Noreen528, Nawsherwan529, Jean Jacques Noubiap530, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi531, Mpiko Ntsekhe532, Fred Nugen533, Aqsha Nur534, Bogdan Oancea352, Ramez M Odat80, Fabio Massimo Oddi535, Saheed Adeyinka Odediji536, Oluwaseyi Samson Ogunmodede232, In-Hwan Oh537, Olusegun Olatunji Ojedoyin538, Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo539, Hassan Okati-Aliabad540, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle411, Osaretin Christabel Okonji541, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira542, Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba510, Qi Chwen Ong543, Michal Ordak544, Hans Orru384, Atakan Orscelik545, Alberto Ortiz546, Esteban Ortiz-Prado547, Augustus Osborne548, George Nkrumah Osei549, John W Ostrominski215, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu550, Abdu Oumer61, Amel Ouyahia191, Mayowa O Owolabi175, Kolapo Oyebola551, Ilker Ozsahin552, Mahesh Padukudru Anand553, Alicia Padron-Monedero554, Jagadish Rao Padubidri187, Tamás Palicz377, Sujogya Kumar Panda555, Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal556, Georgios D Panos68, Mario Virgilio Papa557, Ilias Papadimopoulos194, Shahina Pardhan558, Pragyan Paramita Parija559, Romil R Parikh560, Eleonora Pascucci561, Maja Pasovic133, Roberto Passera562, Kunal Nitinkumar Patel277, Mitesh Patel563, Neel Navinkumar Patel564, Niki Rut Patel303, Satyananda Patel565, Ashlesh Patil566, Shankargouda Patil567, Dimitrios Patoulias395, Snigdha Pattnaik568, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi12, Jarmila Pekarcikova569, Prince Peprah570, Gavin Pereira571, Norberto Perico572, Simone Perna198, Fanny Petermann-Rocha573, Edoardo Pirera574, Habibollah Pirnejad575, Evgenii Plotnikov576, Dimitri Poddighe577, Ramesh Poluru578, Thantrira Porntaveetus579, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan580, Manya Prasad581, Akila Prashant582, Elton Junio Sady Prates471, Nicola Riccardo Pugliese480, Jagadeesh Puvvula267, Xiang Qi393, Jia-Yong Qiu583, Ali Qureshi584, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan585, Pankaja Raghav586, Yashpal Singh Raghav Raghav10, Pracheth Raghuveer587, Sheu Kadiri Rahamon175, Fakher Rahim588, Hawbash Mohammed-Amin Rahim57, Sajjad Rahimi589, Fryad Majeed Rahman468, Md Mosfequr Rahman590, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman591, Mosiur Rahman590, Muhammad Aziz Rahman592, Jeffrey Pradeep Raj159, Adarsh Raja143, Judah Rajendran117, Prashant Rajput593, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan30, Chitra Ramasamy594, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy595, Asad Gul Rao143, Mithun Rao159, Sowmya J Rao596, Vahid Rashedi597, Ashkan Rasouli-Saravani27, Shree Rath128, Isha Rathi598, Devarajan Rathish599, Santosh Kumar Rauniyar334, David Laith Rawaf236, Salman Rawaf236, Reza Rawassizadeh600, Asit Ray601, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna Reddy602, Elrashdy M Redwan603, Najeeb Ur Rehman604, Giuseppe Remuzzi572, Mina Rezaei605, Nazila Rezaei154, Mohsen Rezaeian606, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez607, Leonardo Roever608, Debby Syahru Romadlon579, Michele Romoli609, Moustaq Karim Khan Rony610, Allen Guy Patrick Ross110, Sharmistha Roy611, Shubhanjali Roy612, Polani Rubeshkumar613, Michele Russo614, Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera615, Aly M A Saad263, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad30, Cameron John Sabet108, Kabir P Sadarangani573, Seyed Kiarash Sadat Rafiei27, Muhammad Nabeel Saddique616, Bashdar Abuzed Sadee385, Ehsan Sadeghi617, Erfan Sadeghi135, Masoumeh Sadeghi188, Bassem Sadek32, Mustafa Sadek618, Hossein Sadr12, Mohammad Reza Saeb619, Mohd Saeed45, Umar Saeed620, Maryam Saeedi621, Muhammad Safiullah622, Amene Saghazadeh154, Dominic Sagoe623, Ashok Kumar Sah624, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari30, Amirhossein Sahebkar221, S Mohammad Sajadi625, Mirza Rizwan Sajid626, Morteza Saki627, Joseph W Sakshaug628, Afeez Abolarinwa Salami629, Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem630, Mohamed A Saleh30, Mahdi Salehi533, Abubakar Tijjani Salihu292, Sohrab Salimi27, Saad Samargandy107, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra631, Abdallah M Samy320, Aswini Saravanan586, Jacob Owusu Sarfo549, Mohammad Sarmadi632, Gargi Sachin Sarode633, Sachin C Sarode633, Nizal Sarrafzadegan188, Michele Sassano194, Brijesh Sathian33, Mukesh Kumar Sathya Narayanan634, Mehrdad Savabi Far635, Markus P Schlaich325, Art Schuermans636, Ghil Schwarz637, Anita Sejben286, Siddharthan Selvaraj638, Mohammad H Semreen30, Yigit Can Senol545, Dragos Serban125, Francesco Sessa358, Yashendra Sethi639, Christianus Heru Setiawan640, Christian Sewor641, Allen Seylani642, Samiah Shahid56, Endrit Shahini643, Fatemeh Shahrahmani163, Moyad Jamal Shahwan110, Sunder Sham644, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim586, Anas Shamsi110, Dan Shan645, Mohd Shanawaz10, Mohammed Shannawaz401, Nadim Sharif646, Amin Sharifan647, Bhoopesh Kumar Sharma648, Bunty Sharma649, Kamal Sharma650, Manoj Sharma651, Ravi Kumar Sharma556, Ujjawal Sharma181, Vishal Sharma419, Shamee Shastry159, Somia Shehzadi56, Ali Sheidaei154, Rekha Raghuveer Shenoy159, Mahabalesh Shetty652, Pavanchand H Shetty653, Fanchao Shi339, Hui-Zhong Shi636, Yongfeng Shi654, Tariku Shimels150, Rahman Shiri655, Aminu Shittu29, Ivy Shiue656, Ambreen Shoaib10, Sina Shool12, Seyed Afshin Shorofi657, Sunil Shrestha658, Kerem Shuval659, Ching-Hui Sia197, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig328, Ahmed Kamal Siddiqi356, Ayesha Siddiqua660, Diego Augusto Santos Silva200, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva661, Padam Prasad Simkhada662, Amit Singh181, Baljinder Singh181, Harmanjit Singh663, Harpreet Singh664, Jasvinder A Singh493, Lucky Singh665, Paramdeep Singh666, Poornima Suryanath Singh401, Puneetpal Singh667, Siddharth Singh668, Sunil Kumar Singh181, Surjit Singh586, Vanshika Singh669, Mukesh Kumar Sinha159, Ratnesh Sinha670, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin671, Balamrit Singh Sokhal672, Prashant Sood673, Soroush Soraneh120, Reed J D Sorensen133, Michele Sorrentino674, Michael Spartalis675, Prateek Srivastav159, Panagiotis Stachteas395, Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai676, Antonina V Starodubova677, Sebastian Straube464, Peter Stubbs678, Chen-Yang Su679, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan680, Alisha Suhag517, Oksana Sulaieva681, Sahabi K Sulaiman682, Muritala Suleiman Odidi683, Desy Sulistiyorini684, Jing Sun65, Zhong Sun685, Chandan Kumar Swain686, Lukasz Szarpak687, Sree Sudha Ty183, Payam Tabaee Damavandi688, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos689, Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei163, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh690, Shima Tabatabai691, Celine Tabche236, Afework Tadele470, Balamurugan Tagiisuran215, Eman Taha Osman Ali692, Moslem Taheri Soodejani693, Jabeen Taiba694, Shima Tajabadi635, Stella Talic292, Ashis Talukder695, Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh325, Dessalegn Tamiru Adugna470, Mircea Tampa125, Jianye Tan462, Dariga Tanabayeva515, Mohammad Tanashat396, Jiahao Tang696, Ekamol Tantisattamo697, Mengistie Kassahun Tariku374, Saba Tariq698, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar154, Mebrahtu G Tedla699, Reem Temsah166, Masayuki Teramoto97, Wegen Beyene Tesfamariam447, Azimeraw Arega Tesfu36, Jay Tewari669, Vidhi Thakar303, Lakshmi Thangavelu221, Ismaeel Tharwat700, Samar Tharwat162, Friedrich Thienemann532, Muthu Thiruvengadam701, Nikhil Kenny Thomas702, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu703, Tenaw Yimer Tiruye448, Krishna Tiwari586, Madi Tleshev164, Sojit Tomo586, Marcello Tonelli376, Roman Topor-Madry704, Mathilde Touvier705, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone221, An Thien Tran253, Thang Huu Tran440, Nguyen Tran Minh Duc706, Domenico Trico480, Christopher Daniel Tristan707, Gary Tse454, Vasilis-Spyridon Tseriotis395, Abdul Rohim Tualeka708, Sok Cin Tye215, Aniefiok John Udoakang130, Atta Ullah76, Riaz Ullah84, Saeed Ullah473, Muhammad Umair709, Lawan Umar710, Dinesh Upadhya159, Era Upadhyay711, Jibrin Sammani Usman712, Dilber Uzun Ozsahin30, Hande Uzunçibuk713, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan75, Omid Vakili188, Jef Van den Eynde636, Joe Varghese10, Tommi Juhani Vasankari714, Balachandar Vellingiri181, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian715, Akshaya Kumar Verma601, Poonam Verma555, Victor E Villalobos-Daniel716, Vasily Vlassov717, Jin-Yi Wan718, Cong Wang719, Nelson Wang720, Qingzhi Wang721, Shaopan Wang722, Shu Wang723, Wanzhou Wang450, Wei Wang260, Wei Wang721, Yanzhong Wang137, Youxin Wang450, Zhihua Wang724, Tanveer A A Wani84, Ahmed Bilal Waqar56, Melissa Y Wei725, Robert G Weintraub726, Yohanes Cakrapradipta Wibowo727, Anggi Lukman Wicaksana131, Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe728, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe599, Angga Wilandika729, William Kwame Witts730, Tewodros Eshete Wonde678, Utoomporn Wongsin731, Peng Wu732, Guangqin Xiao434, Wanqing Xie733, Site Xu339, Suowen Xu734, Wanqing Xu735, Xiaoyue Xu232, Vikas Yadav736, Amirhossein Yadegar154, Saba Yahoo481, Kazumasa Yamagishi737, Hanwen Yang337, Yuichiro Yano737, Haiqiang Yao718, Amir Yarahmadi738, Habib Yaribeygi739, Subah Abderehim Yesuf740, Dehui Yin721, Yazachew Engida Yismaw36, Dong Keon Yon442, Naohiro Yonemoto741, Chuanhua Yu742, Elaine A Yu743, Hairui Yu744, Yong Yu745, Quan Yuan746, Emad Yuzbashian747, Mubashir Zafar45, Manijeh Zaghampour505, Giulia Zamagni748, Nelson Zamora749, Aurora Zanghì234, Seema Zargar84, Mohammed Zawiah750, Mohammed G M Zeariya45, Eyael M Zeru177, Beijian Zhang751, Casper J P Zhang752, Hanyu Zhang753, Julio Min Fei Zhang754, Yunquan Zhang755, Zhichang Zhang756, Murat Zhanuzakov757, Zhongyi Zhao758, Ming-Hua Zheng759, Anthony Zhong215, Claire Chenwen Zhong338, Hao Zhou760, Jiayan Zhou595, Xiao-Dong Zhou759, Zhengyang Zhu761, Abzal Zhumagaliuly164, Osama A Zitoun195, Ghazal Zoghi762, Mohamed Ali Zoromba763, Alimuddin Zumla225, Ahed H Zyoud95, Sa'ed H Zyoud95, Shaher H Zyoud764, Simon I Hay1,2, Ali H Mokdad1,2, Christopher J L Murray133, Gregory A Roth1,2,765
1Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
2Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
3Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
4University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, United Kingdom.
5Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
6Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia.
7Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona.
8Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
9West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
10Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
11St George's University, St George's, Grenada.
12Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
13University of Setif Algeria, Setif, Algeria.
14Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
15University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq.
16Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria.
17Toufik's World Medical Association, Sumy, Ukraine.
18Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia.
19University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
20Federal Medical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria.
21Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria.
22Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
23Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom.
24University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
25Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California.
26Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
27Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
28Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
29Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria.
30University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
31Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
32United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
33Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
34Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
35Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Yola, Nigeria.
36Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
37University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
38Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York.
39East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.
40The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
41University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria.
42Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria.
43Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, Nigeria.
44Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia.
45University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
46Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
47MSI Nigeria Reproductive Choices, Abuja, Nigeria.
48Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
49King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan.
50University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
51Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
52Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
53King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
54Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
55School of Surgery Wales, Bangor, United Kingdom.
56The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
57University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
58Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia.
59Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt.
60Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
61Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
62East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.
63Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto University Islamabad Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan.
64Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Pune, India.
65Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia.
66Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
67Midwestern University, Downers Grove, Illinois.
68University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
69Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.
70University of Texas, Houston, Texas.
71University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.
72Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
73Wuqu' Kawoq, Maya Health Alliance, Tecpán, Guatemala.
74Arab International University, Damascus, Syria.
75University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain.
76University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
77Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
78Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
79Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
80Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
81Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan.
82Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan.
83Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
84King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
85Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
86Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan.
87All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India.
88Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
89University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
90Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
91University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan.
92The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
93Federation University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
94University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
95An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
96International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
97Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
98Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
99University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
100Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
101Independent Consultant, Amman, Jordan.
102Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
103Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
104Ministry of Defense Health Services, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
105King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
106American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait.
107King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
108Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
109Ministry of Finance, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
110Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
111University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
112Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
113Higher College of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
114Al-Balqa Applied University, Karak, Jordan.
115Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
116Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
117Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
118Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
119University of Central Nicaragua, Washington, DC.
120Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
121Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran.
122Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
123University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.
124Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia.
125Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
126Rutgers University, Toms River, New Jersey.
127University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom.
128All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.
129Charotar University of Science and Technology, Petlad, India.
130University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria.
131Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
132Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
133University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
134Ottawa University, Surprise, Arizona.
135Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
136Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia.
137King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
138Tashkent Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
139Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.
140University of Pernambuco-UPE, Recife, Brazil.
141AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
142Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia.
143Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
144Pioneer Journal of Biostatistics and Medical Research (PJBMR), Lahore, Pakistan.
145Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
146Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkiye.
147Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
148University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
149The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan.
150Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
151Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
152Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkiye.
153Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
154Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
155University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
156ASIDE Healthcare, Lewes, Delaware.
157Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
158RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Alkhaimah, United Arab Emirates.
159Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
160Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan.
161Government Institute of Forensic Science Nagpur, Nagpur, India.
162Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
163Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
164Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
165Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
166Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
167Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
168Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
169University of The Gambia, Banjul, The Gambia.
170Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia, Terengganu, Malaysia.
171IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
172The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
173American University, Washington, DC.
174Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (University Hospital Santa Fe Foundation of Bogotá), Bogota, Colombia.
175University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
176University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
177Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
178NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
179Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
180Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
181Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
182Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, India.
183All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India.
184Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
185Ankara University, Ankara, Turkiye.
186Australian National University, Canberra, New South Wales, Australia.
187Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India.
188Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
189University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
190Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia.
191University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria.
192Guelma University, Guelma, Algeria.
193CEVAXIN, Panama City, Panama.
194University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
195University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
196Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil.
197National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
198University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
199University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
200Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
201Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
202National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
203Adamas University, Kolkata, India.
204University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
205Symbiosis International University, Pune, India.
206Semey Medical University (SMU), Semey, Kazakhstan.
207The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), Houston, Texas.
208Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India.
209International University of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
210Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
211Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia.
212Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
213Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
214Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
215Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
216Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
217Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
218National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
219All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India.
220Chitkara University, Rajpura, India.
221Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
222Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, India.
223VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, Vietnam.
224Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia.
225University College London, London, United Kingdom.
226Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
227University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
228University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
229University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
230Northern Territory Government, Darwin, South Australia, Australia.
231Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal.
232University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
233University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
234University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
235Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India.
236Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
237Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas.
238Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, India.
239Università degli Studi di Milano (University of Milan), Milan, Italy.
240University of Colima, Colima, Mexico.
241Salvador Zubiran National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico.
242University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia.
243University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
244Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
245Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India.
246Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysuru, India.
247United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
248Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
249University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
250Instituto Politécnico do Porto (Polytechnic Institute of Porto), Porto, Portugal.
251Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey.
252University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.
253Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
254Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam.
255Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
256Independent Consultant, Bridgewater, New Jersey.
257Hackettstown Medical Center, Hackettstown, New Jersey.
258University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
259University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
260Shandong University, Jinan, China.
261Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
262Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
263Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
264University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts.
265University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom.
266Almoosa College of Health Sciences, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
267University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
268Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
269University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
270Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
271Ministry of Health, Nouakchott, Mauritania.
272Ulster University, Coleraine, United Kingdom.
273Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt.
274Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
275Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
276Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
277University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
278Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
279Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
280City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
281Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) (National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease Research), Madrid, Spain.
282University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
283Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany.
284University of Padova, Italy, Padova, Italy.
285Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Ravenna, Italy.
286University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
287Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.
288Institute of Health & Management, Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
289Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
290University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
291Autonomous State Medical College Firozabad, Firozabad, India.
292Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
293Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Noida, India.
294Alliance for Medical Research in Africa (AMedRA), Dakar, Senegal.
295Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
296Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
297Amman Arab University, Amman, Jordan.
298Danish Cancer Research Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
299World Health Organization (WHO), Astana, Kazakhstan.
300University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
301Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia.
302Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
303Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, India.
304Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India.
305Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran.
306Universidade de São Paulo (University of São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil.
307Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
308National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
309Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
310University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
311Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
312Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India.
313Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, India.
314Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy.
315Mexican Institute of Social Segurity, Colima, Mexico.
316Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca, Chile.
317Thong Nhat Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
318University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
319Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
320Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
321Quinnipiac University, Frank H Netter MD School of Medicine, St Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, Connecticut.
322Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
323University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
324Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkiye.
325The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
326University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
327University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
328University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
329Federal University Teaching Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria.
330Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
331University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
332University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada.
333Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen.
334University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
335Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, Indiana.
336University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
337Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
338The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
339Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
340Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
341Salale University, Gerba Guracha, Ethiopia.
342China Medical University, Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan.
343Fenerbahce University, Istanbul, Turkiye.
344University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq.
345Episcope Research Service, Aberdeen, Scotland.
346Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria.
347University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
348University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
349Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
350University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
351ICMR National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.
352University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.
353Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh (Muhammadiyah University of Aceh), Banda Aceh, Indonesia.
354Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
355King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
356Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
357Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Bedong, Malaysia.
358University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
359University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
360Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, India.
361Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
362Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
363Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
364The World Academy of Sciences UNESCO-TWAS, Trieste, Italy.
365University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
366Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran.
367Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
368Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
369Universityhospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
370Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran.
371University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi.
372Cephas Health Research Initiative, Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria.
373Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), Vellore, India.
374Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
375Shanghai City Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shanghai City Huangpu District Health Supervision Bureau), Shanghai, China.
376University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
377Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
378The University of New South Wales, Canberra, New South Wales, Australia.
379Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
380Conway Medical Center, Conway, South Carolina.
381All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, India.
382National Open University, Benin City, Nigeria.
383Kangwon National University College of Medicine in South Korea, Chuncheon, South Korea.
384University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
385Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq.
386Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
387Khoy Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran.
388Bharti Hospital Karnal, Karnal, India.
389South Wales University, Treforest, United Kingdom.
390I Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
391Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria.
392All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
393New York University, New York, New York.
394Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom.
395Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
396Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
397International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
398Amity University Haryana, Gurugram, India.
399Yale New Haven Health-Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, Connecticut.
400National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Bobigny, France.
401Amity University, Noida, India.
402University of Petra, Amman, Jordan.
403Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
404Lahore Medical Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan.
405National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
406Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
407Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan.
408International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
409All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India.
410Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, United Kingdom.
411Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
412Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska.
413Health and Healing Research, Education, and Service, Inc, Boston, Massachusetts.
414Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway.
415Baddi University of Emerging Sciences & Technology, Himachal Pradesh, India.
416Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
417IQVIA, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
418Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, India.
419Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
420Republic Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore.
421Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
422Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
423Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India.
424National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Hajipur, India.
425Ahalia Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
426Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
427University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
428Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana (Satya Wacana Christian University), Salatiga, Indonesia.
429University of Texas, Galveston, Texas.
430Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
431Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
432Foundation for People-Centric Health Systems, New Delhi, India.
433Universiti Brunei Darussalam (University of Brunei Darussalam), Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
434Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
435University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
436Wachemo University, Hosanna, Ethiopia.
437Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
438Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India.
439Cho Ray Hospital, Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
440University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
441Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, Indiana.
442Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
443Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea.
444Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, South Korea.
445University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
446Westpfalz Klinikum, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
447Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
448University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
449National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
450Peking University, Beijing, China.
451Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
452The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
453National Medical Research Association, Leicester, United Kingdom.
454Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China.
455Central South University, Changsha, China.
456Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
457German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany.
458University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.
459Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador.
460Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
461Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil.
462Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
463Novo Nordisk, Plainsboro, New Jersey.
464University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
465Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
466University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
467Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.
468Cihan University-Sulaimaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
469Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
470Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
471Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
472Ziauddin University, Karachi, Pakistan.
473University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
474Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan.
475University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
476Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC.
477Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia.
478University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
479Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
480University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
481Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India.
482Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand.
483University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
484Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India.
485Universidad Científica del Sur (University of the South), Lima, Peru.
486Trinity Medical Sciences University, St Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
487Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia.
488University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
489University North, Varazdin, Croatia.
490University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka.
491University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
492National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor District, Indonesia.
493Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
494Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
495Sri Ramaswamy Memorial Institute of Science and Technology, Chengalpattu, India.
496All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, India.
497Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, India.
498Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan.
499Valley Health System, Las Vegas, Nevada.
500Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq.
501Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
502Government Medical College Kozhikode, Kozhikode, India.
503Department of Sport Physiology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
504Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia.
505Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
506Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, Texas.
507University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen), Groningen, Netherlands.
508University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
509The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
510Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
511Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, India.
512University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
513Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India.
514Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
515University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
516Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
517University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
518University of Vermont, South Burlington, Vermont.
519MedStar Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
520Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
521Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
522Nam Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam.
523Danang Family Hospital, Da Nang, Vietnam.
524Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
525International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
526University for International Studies in Rome, Rome, Italy.
527Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan.
528The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan.
529Fujian Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Xiamen, China.
530University of California San Francisco.
531Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria.
532University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
533Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
534London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
535University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome, Italy.
536Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.
537University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
538University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
539University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
540Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
541University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa.
542Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
543University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
544Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
545University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
546IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain.
547Universidad de las Americas (University of the Americas), Quito, Ecuador.
548Njala University, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
549University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
550Western Sydney University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia.
551Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.
552Operational Research Center in Healthcare, Nicosia, Turkiye.
553Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India.
554Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
555Siksha 'O' Anndhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India.
556Chandigarh University, Punjab, India.
557University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
558Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
559All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jammu, India.
560University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
561Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
562University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
563Marwadi University, Rajkot, India.
564University of Tennessee, Nashville, Tennessee.
565Regional Institute of Education (RIE), Ajmer, India.
566All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India.
567Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, Utah.
568Mallareddy Medical College for Womens',Mallareddy Vishwavidya Peeth, Hyderabad, India.
569Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia.
570Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
571Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia.
572Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy.
573Universidad Diego Portales (Diego Portales University), Santiago, Chile.
574University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
575University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
576Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia.
577VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam.
578The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India.
579Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
580Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
581Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India.
582JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India.
583Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
584Universiti Sains Malaysia in Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
585Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai, India.
586All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India.
587National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India.
588Kocaeli University, Izmit, Turkiye.
589Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
590University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
591National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, Oman.
592Federation University Australia, Berwick, Victoria, Australia.
593Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
594Govt Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, India.
595Stanford University, Stanford, California.
596Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, India.
597University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
598Amity University in Noida, Noida, India.
599Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.
600Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
601Siksha 'O' Anndhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India.
602Northwest Health, Porter, Valparaiso, Indiana.
603King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Egypt.
604Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan.
605Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
606Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
607University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
608University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
609Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy.
610International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
611New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
612Indian Institute of Public Health, Delhi, India.
613Public Health Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
614SS Annunziata Hospital-ASL Abruzzo, Chieti, Italy.
615Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
616King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan.
617Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
618Qena University, Qena City, Egypt.
619International Medical University, Gdańsk, Poland.
620Széchenyi István University, Győr, Hungary.
621Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran.
622King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan.
623University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
624A' Sharqiyah University, Ibra, Oman.
625Al-Hadba University, Mosul, Iraq.
626University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan.
627Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
628LMU-Munich, Munich, Germany.
629University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
630Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
631National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
632Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
633Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.
634National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India.
635Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli), Naples, Italy.
636Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
637ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy.
638University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
639Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, India.
640Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
641Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
642National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland.
643National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS "Saverio de Bellis," Castellana Grotte, Italy.
644Northwell Health, New York, New York.
645Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom.
646University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
647University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria.
648Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India.
649Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, India.
650BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India.
651University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada.
652Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Moodubidire, India.
653Nitte University, Mangalore, India.
654Jilin University, Changchun, China.
655Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
656University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
657Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
658Kathmandu Cancer Center, Bhaktapur, Nepal.
659Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Texas.
660University of Health Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
661Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal.
662University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom.
663Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India.
664IFTM University, Moradabad, India.
665Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
666All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India.
667Punjabi University Patiala, Patiala, India.
668Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India.
669King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
670ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Ranchi, India.
671Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, United Kingdom.
672Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom.
673Independent Consultant, New Delhi, India.
674University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy.
675University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
676Kandahar University, Kandahar, Afghanistan.
677Federal Research Institute of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia.
678University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
679McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
680Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
681Kyiv Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine.
682Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Yobe, Nigeria.
683Federal University, Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria.
684Universitas Indonesia Maju, Jakarta, Indonesia.
685Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
686Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India.
687The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
688Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland (NSI), Lugano, Switzerland.
689University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
690Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
691Department of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
692Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
693Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
694University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
695Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
696Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
697University of California Irvine, Orange, California.
698The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
699University of Missouri, Indianapolis, Indiana.
700The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
701Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
702St Luke's Hospital, Patanamthitta, India.
703Universitas Sam Ratulangi (Sam Ratulangi University), Manado, Indonesia.
704Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
705National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France.
706ALS Vietnam, Quang Ngai, Vietnam.
707Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia.
708University of Development, Surabaya, Indonesia.
709King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
710Federal Ministry of Health, Azare, Nigeria.
711Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
712Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
713University of Trakya, Edirne, Turkiye.
714UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland.
715Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
716Ministry of Health, Mexico City, Mexico.
717National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
718Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
719Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
720The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
721Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
722Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
723Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China.
724University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei, China.
725University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
726Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
727Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
728University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
729Universitas Aisyiyah Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.
730University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
731Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
732Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
733Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.
734University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
735Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts.
736National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
737Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
738Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
739Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
740St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
741University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
742Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
743Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, California.
744University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.
745Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
746Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.
747University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
748Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy.
749Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, Tarija, Bolivia.
750Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia.
751Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.
752University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
753ACS Medical College and Hospital, ShangHai, China.
754Columbia University, New York, New York.
755Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
756China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
757Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
758Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
759Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
760Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China.
761Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
762Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
763Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
764Palestine Technical University (Kadoorie), Tulkarem, Palestine.
765Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Assessing the LDL-C-related burden is critical for guiding prevention and treatment strategies.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the global, regional, and national burden of ischemic heart disease and ischemic stroke attributable to elevat…
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