Wavelet Transform-Based Atomic Force Microscopy: A Computational Paradigm for Dynamic Nanoscale Imaging and Characterisation.

Pardis Biglarbeigi^1,2, Navneet Soin^3,4, Amit Kumar⁵, Dewar Finlay⁶, Amir Farokh Payam⁶

¹Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics University of Liverpool Liverpool England UK.

²PulseAI Ltd Belfast UK.

³School of Science Computing and Emerging Technologies (SoSCET) Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Victoria Australia.

⁴School of Science RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia.

⁵School of Mathematics and Physics Centre for Quantum Materials and Technologies (CQMT) Queen's University Belfast Belfast UK.

⁶School of Engineering Ulster University Belfast Northern Ireland UK.

PubMed PMC DOI PDF

Abstract

Wavelet transform-based atomic force microscopy (WT-AFM) marks a significant paradigm shift in nanoscale imaging by enabling real-time, simultaneous computational analysis of tip-sample interactions in both the time and frequency domains. Unlike conventional AFM approaches that are limited to steady-state, single-frequency responses-the WT-AFM directly applies wavelet transform techniques to the r…

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