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Sci Rep2026;16(1)July 27, 2026Journal Article

The phenology of the European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) and its environmental drivers.

Alexandre Le Moal1,2, Damien Tran3,4, Laura Payton3,4, Yannick Geerebaert3, Bernadette Pogoda5, Bettina Meyer6,7,8
1Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany. alexandre.lemoal@awi.de.
2Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany. alexandre.lemoal@awi.de.
3University Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, F-33120, France.
4GDR2202 - Lumière & environnement nocturne (LUMEN), UMR 5602 GÉODE, CNRS, University of Toulouse - Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, F-31058, France.
5Section Shelf Seas Systems Ecology, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Sylt, Bremerhaven, Helgoland, Germany.
6Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
7Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
8Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Im Technologiepark 5, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

The European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) is an ecosystem engineer that structures reef habitats and is a major focus of restoration efforts across Europe, yet its biological rhythms in its habitat remain unknown. These rhythms synchronize physiology with environmental cycles, indicating ecological adaptation. Here, we investigated behavioral, physiological, and molecular rhythms in O. edulis, as w…

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