Peer-Reviewed Publication
J Biomech2026;205113465.July 18, 2026Journal Article

Throwing with the whole body: non-uniform muscle volume profiles in collegiate baseball pitchers.

Lara Riem1, Olivia DuCharme1, Kathryn Eve Costanzo1, Liza Harold1, Emily McCain1, Megan Pinette1, Ashley Coggins1, Matthew Cousins1, Raina Hein1, Elizabeth Hebert2, Silvia S Blemker3
1Springbok Analytics, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
2Major League Baseball, New York, NY, USA.
3Springbok Analytics, Charlottesville, VA, USA; University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA. Electronic address: silvia.blemker@springbokanalytics.com.

Abstract

High-speed baseball pitching imposes unique demands on the musculoskeletal system, requiring coordinated force generation across the entire body. Whilepreviousstudies have examined strength or morphology in isolated regions, the full-body distribution of muscle volume in pitchersremainspoorly characterized. This study usedin vivoMRI to quantify muscle volume across 70 upperextremity,lower extremit…

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