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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Nanoscale2026July 21, 2026Journal Article

A bilayer hydrogel actuator based on a microgel island-bridge structure for integrated sensor arrays and intelligent rehabilitation systems.

Qi Liu1, Tianzong Jiang1, Shili Gai1, Bingchen Zhou1, Yanqi Yin1, Zewei Sun1, Zhenyu Wu2, Jun Liu1, He Ding1,3, Piaoping Yang1
1Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China. gaishili@hrbeu.edu.cn.
2Harbin Marine Boiler &Turbine Research Institute, Harbin, 150078, P. R. China.
3Yangtze Delta Region Advanced Research Institute of Harbin Engineering University, Nantong, 226010, P. R. China.

Abstract

With the aging global population and rising chronic diseases, intelligent rehabilitation systems gain attention. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels show a thermo-responsive phase change and flexibility but suffer from poor mechanical properties and single functionality. Herein, a dual-network PNIPAM-polyacrylamide-microgel hydrogel (P-M) with a microgel island-bridge structure is desig…

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