Health AI Central
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Sci Bull (Beijing)2026;71(17):4391-4395.September 15, 2026Journal Article

A mixture of ophthalmic foundation models enables mitigation of altitude-associated domain shift.

Peilun Shi1, Jinjing Zhu2, Yuan Xie3, Xuxiang Zhang4, Yiquan Yang3, Lie Ju5, Tianmin Ren6, Fancheng Yan6, Yukun Zhou7, Hui Xiong8, Judy Wawira Gichoya9, Alastair K Denniston10, Pearse A Keane11, Xunming Ji12, Ningli Wang13, Wu Yuan14
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
2Artificial Intelligence Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 511453, China.
3Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis Technology and Equipment for Optic Nerve-Related Eye Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China.
4Department of Ophthalmology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
5Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK.
6Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
7Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, London EC1V 9EL, UK; The UCL Hawkes Institute, University College London, London WC1V 6LJ, UK.
8Artificial Intelligence Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 511453, China; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China.
9Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
10College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
11Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK; Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK; NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
12Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
13Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis Technology and Equipment for Optic Nerve-Related Eye Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China. Electronic address: wningli@vip.163.com.
14Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China. Electronic address: wyuan@cuhk.edu.hk.
PubMed DOI

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