Peer-Reviewed Publication
Cancers (Basel)2026;18(13)June 27, 2026Journal Article
Breast Cancer Hormone Receptor Status Determination from H&E-Stained Biopsy Images Using Pixel-Level Classifiers.
Shuyang Wu1, Ines P Nearchou2, Sandrine Prost1, Jonathan A Fallowfield1, Hideki Ueno3, Hitoshi Tsuda4,5, Alastair Ironside6, David J Harrison7, Timothy J Kendall1
1Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
2Indica Labs, LCC, 8700 Education Pl NW, Bldg. B, Albuquerque, NM 87114, USA.
3Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan.
4Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Seikei-kai Chiba Medical Centre, 1-7-1 Minami-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-0842, Japan.
5Department of Basic Pathology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-0042, Japan.
6Directorate of Laboratory Medicine-Pathology Department, NHS Lothian University Hospitals Division, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
7School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, UK.
Abstract
Background: Analysis of digital images of histopathological sections is increasing due to widespread adoption of fully digitised workflows and the greater availability of whole-slide scanners. Currently, hormone receptor status in breast carcinoma is assessed by pathologists scoring separate immunohistochemically stained sections. Methods: In this study, we employed pathologist-verified pixel-leve…
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