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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Nat Commun2026July 10, 2026Journal Article

A symbiotic skin hydrogel interface enabled by flexible hydrogel network with embedded enhancement structure.

Jun Ma1,2, Mingxu Wang2, Yongfeng Wang2, Qian Wu3, Cunkai Zhou1,2, Yuchen Zhou1,2, Changlei Ge1,2, Jixiao Guo2, Feijun Zhao2, Mingming Hao2, Chonghui Fan2, Feng Wen2, Shuqi Wang1,2, Mengyuan Liu2, Yujie Liu2, Hao Shen2, Lianhui Li4,5, Ting Zhang6,7
1School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China.
2i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, PR China.
3The Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
4School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China. lhli2015@sinano.ac.cn.
5i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, PR China. lhli2015@sinano.ac.cn.
6School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China. tzhang2009@sinano.ac.cn.
7i-Lab, Nano-X Vacuum Interconnected Workstation, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, PR China. tzhang2009@sinano.ac.cn.

Abstract

Wearable electrophysiological monitoring based on hydrogel electrodes is pivotal for decoding the body's "electrical language", yet fundamentally hampered by the unstable mechano-electrical interface between flexible electrodes and the skin caused by dehydration and poor breathability. Here, we demonstrate a symbiotic interface between an embedded-interfacial enhanced breathable conductive hydroge…

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