Peer-Reviewed Publication
Magn Reson Med2026;96(5):2381-2395.November 1, 2026Journal Article

4D Flow MRI-Based Quantification of Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Possible Approach to Improve Measurement Repeatability.

Alessandra Riva1, Giulia Pasqualin2, Francesco Sturla1,3, Lara Tondi4,5, Simone Saitta3,6,7, Davide Tondi3, Jessica Zannoni8, Giandomenico Disabato4, Daniel Giese9, Massimo Chessa2,10, Pietro Spagnolo11, Alberto Redaelli3, Massimo Lombardi4, Emiliano Votta3
13D and Computer Simulation Laboratory, IRCCS, Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
2Pediatric and Adult Congenital Disease Heart Centre, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
3Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
4Multimodality Cardiac Imaging, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
5Department of Radiology, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
6Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
7Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
8Department of Clinical and Interventional Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
9Research & Clinical Translation, Magnetic Resonance, Siemens Healthineers AG, Erlangen, Germany.
10Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
11Department of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.

Abstract

PURPOSE: To address limitations in tricuspid regurgitation (TR) quantification by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), a new method is proposed to directly quantify TR volume (TRV) using 4D Flow MRI with retrospective tricuspid valve (TV) annular tracking. METHODS: Thirty patients with TR were prospectively enrolled. TRV was quantified using four MRI-based met…

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