Peer-Reviewed Publication
JMIR AI2026;5e81103.June 1, 2026Journal Article

Improving Vancomycin Therapeutic Drug Monitoring With a Deep Learning-Based Two-Compartment Predictive Model: Development and Validation Study.

Bingyu Mao1, Ziqian Xie1, Laila Rasmy1, Masayuki Nigo2, Degui Zhi1
1McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin, Suite 600, Houston, TX, United States, 1 713-500-3629, 1 713-500-3929.
2Division of Infectious Diseases, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, United States.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Vancomycin is a widely used antibiotic that requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for optimized individual dosage. A deep learning-based model, pharmacokinetic recurrent neural network-1 compartment model (PKRNN-1CM), has shown the advantage of leveraging time-series electronic health record data for individualized estimation of vancomycin pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. While 1-…

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