Health AI Central
Peer-Reviewed Publication
APSIPA Trans Signal Inf Process2026;15(2):3-20.December 14, 2026Journal Article

Individualized Treatment Effect Inference of Head and Neck Cancer with Multimodal Data.

Yawen Wei1,2, Zhen Li1, Jonghye Woo3, Jinsong Ouyang1, Georges El Fakhri1, Xiaofeng Liu1
1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
2Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
3Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
PubMed PMC DOI PDF

Abstract

Estimating individualized treatment effects (ITE) is critical for personalized medicine, yet it remains a challenge due to retrospective observational data, which suffer from selection bias in clinical practice, and the complexity of multimodal data used for patient status depiction. In this work, we develop an end-to-end deep learning (DL) framework that incorporates multimodal patient data and m…

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