Peer-Reviewed Publication
Clin Neurophysiol2026;1902111913.October 1, 2026Journal Article

Technologies in clinical neurophysiology for brain-body interfacing: IFCN handbook chapter.

Andrea Cimolato1, Anna Sparapani1, Stanisa Raspopovic2
1Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria.
2Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria; Comprehensive Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Wien, Austria. Electronic address: stanisa.raspopovic@meduniwien.ac.at.

Abstract

Interfacing the brain with the body represents a central challenge in contemporary clinical neurophysiology. Neurological injuries such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and limb loss disrupt the bidirectional flow of information between central and peripheral circuits, impairing voluntary movement, sensation, and embodiment. Clinical neurophysiology provides the quantitative and methodological found…

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