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Peer-Reviewed Publication
PLoS One2026;21(3):e0343492.January 1, 2026Journal Article

Cost-effectiveness analysis of artificial intelligence-assisted risk stratification of indeterminate pulmonary nodules.

Caroline M Godfrey1, Ashley A Leech2, Kevin C McGann1, Jinyi Zhu2, Hannah N Marmor3, Sophia Pena3, Lyndsey C Pickup4, Fabien Maldonado5, Evan C Osmundson6, Stacie B Dusetzina2, Eric L Grogan3,7, Stephen A Deppen3,7
1Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
2Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
3Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
4Optellum Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom.
5Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
6Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
7Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence-based radiomic approaches have been shown to accurately evaluate indeterminate pulmonary nodules. With the expansion of lung cancer screening and utilization of computed tomography imaging, indeterminate pulmonary nodules requiring diagnostic evaluation are increasingly common. Accurate non-invasive characterization may reduce time to cancer diagnosis and decrea…

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