Cardiovascular Complications of Seasonal Influenza in the Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Era: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications.

Chikodili Nora Nebuwa¹, Chukwudi Kingsley Orjichukwu², Rita Ogochukwu Orjichukwu³, Peter Kanayochukwu Akpunonu⁴, Paul Chikwado Ugwu⁵, Somtochukwu Godfrey Nnabuife⁶

¹Nuvance Health, Vassar Brothers Medical Center, 45 Reade Place, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601, USA.

²Well Health Manitoba Clinic, 790 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1M4, Canada.

³Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK.

⁴North London NHS Foundation Trust, IT Department, 3rd Floor, West Wing, St Pancras Hospital, 4 St Pancras Way, London NW1 0PE, UK.

⁵King George Hospital, Barley Lane, Ilford, Essex IG3 8YB, UK.

⁶University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, West Midlands WV1 1LY, UK.

PubMed PMC DOI PDF

Abstract

Influenza has long been a well-documented contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly among high-risk groups. COVID-19 has notably altered the seasonality and natural history of pandemic influenza, with broad implications for related cardiac complications. This review examines the interaction between influenza and cardiovascular illness, especially myocardial infarction, co…

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