Peer-Reviewed Publication
Health Inf Sci Syst2026;14(1):27.December 1, 2026Journal Article

Inter-clinician diagnostic agreement of shock etiology: a multicenter observational study.

Lauren M Janczewski1, Carolyn J Hu1, Tiannan Zhan1, Ravi Garg1, John Slocum1, Al'ona Furmanchuk2, Andrew Berry3, Nandita Nadig2, Jeff Huml2, Laeeq Shamshuddin2, Yuriy Moklyak1, Laura J Davidson2, Sherry Chou4, Abbas AlQamari5, Emilie Powell6, Bruce Ankenman7, Jane L Holl8, Anne Stey1
1Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 676 N. St. Clair, Suite 650, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
2Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA.
3Department of Medical Social Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA.
4Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA.
5Department of Anesthesiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA.
6Department of Emergency Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA.
7Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Studies, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL USA.
8Center for Healthcare Delivery Science and Innovation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA.

Abstract

PURPOSE: We sought to (1) quantify lack of inter-clinician diagnostic agreement of shock etiology and (2) predict patients without complete inter-clinician diagnostic agreement of shock etiology. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective, cohort study identified patients evaluated by two or more clinicians who documented a shock diagnosis from 2018 to 2023 across intensive care units (ICU) at 9 acu…

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