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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Infect Immun2025;93(12):e0052925.December 16, 2025Journal Article

Antimicrobial resistance is widespread among intestinal and extra-intestinal Bacteroides fragilis strains.

Marvic Carrillo Terrazas1, Renee E Oles1,2, Luke R Loomis1, Chia-Yun Hsu1, Adriana Vasquez Ayala1, Michael H Lee2, Mousumi Paulchakrabarti3, David Pride1,4,5,6, Biswa Choudhury3, Victor Nizet7,8, Manuela Raffatellu2,4,9, Rob Knight2,4,10,11,12, Hiutung Chu1,4,9
1Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
2Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
3GlycoAnalytics Core, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
4Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
5Center for Innovative Phage Applications and Therapeutics (IPATH), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
6Center of Advanced Laboratory Medicine (CALM), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
7Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
8Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
9Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy and Vaccines (cMAV), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
10Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
11Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
12Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
PubMed PMC DOI PDF

Abstract

Bacteroides fragilis is an important member of the human gut microbiota, where it contributes to immune modulation, intestinal barrier integrity, and colonization resistance. Despite its beneficial roles as a symbiont in the gut, B. fragilis is also the most commonly isolated anaerobe in clinical infections, implicated in intra-abdominal abscesses, bloodstream infections, and soft tissue infection…

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