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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Presse Med2026;55(1):104321.March 1, 2026Journal Article

Difficult-to-treat COPD: from concept to practice.

Lucile Regard1, Nicolas Roche2
1Respiratory Medicine, Cochin Hospital, APHP Centre, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016 Paris, France. Electronic address: lucile.regard@aphp.fr.
2Respiratory Medicine, Cochin Hospital, APHP Centre, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM UMR 1016 Paris, France.

Abstract

Most patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) can be managed effectively through standard therapeutic strategies. However, a significant proportion remains symptomatic, experiences recurrent exacerbations, or shows accelerated lung function decline despite apparently appropriate care. These patients often fall into what could be referred to as "difficult-to-treat COPD", a term st…

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