Peer-Reviewed Publication
Patient Educ Couns2025;141109316.December 1, 2025Journal Article
Shared decision-making, the working alliance, and patient-centered care: A simultaneous concept analysis and review of the literature.
Kyla G Lee1, Anna R Gagliardi2, Aisha K Lofters3, Andrew D Pinto4, Robert G Maunder5
1Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: kyla.lee@mail.utoronto.ca.
2Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: anna.gagliardi@uhn.ca.
3Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: aisha.lofters@wchospital.ca.
4Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Upstream Lab, MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: andrew.pinto@utoronto.ca.
5Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Sinai Health, Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Canada. Electronic address: robert.maunder@sinaihealth.ca.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify the conceptual similarities, differences, and interrelationships between shared decision-making (SDM), the working alliance, and patient-centered care (PCC) in primary care.
METHODS: This study is a simultaneous concept analysis based on the method of Walker and Avant (2005) and Haase et al. (1992). First, a systematic search was conducted for articles published between 201…
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