Peer-Reviewed Publication
Alzheimers Dement2025;21(8):e70546.August 1, 2025Journal Article
Multimorbidity in dementia: Current perspectives and future challenges.
Lucy E Stirland1,2, Radmila Choate3,4, Preeti Pushpalata Zanwar5, Panpan Zhang6,7, Tamlyn J Watermeyer8,9, Martina Valletta10, Mario Torso11, Stefano Tamburin12, Usman Saeed13,14, Gerard R Ridgway11, Shirine Moukaled15, Jay B Lusk16,17, Samantha M Loi18, Thomas J Littlejohns19, Elżbieta Kuźma20, Sarah-Naomi James21, Giulia Grande10, Isabelle F Foote22, Katheryn A Q Cousins23, Joe Butler24, Abrar AbuHamdia25, Thiago J Avelino-Silva2,26,27, Vidyani Suryadevara28
1Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience and Cardiovascular Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
2Global Brain Health Institute, University of California San Francisco Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, California, USA.
3Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
4Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
5Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, Texas, USA.
6Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
7Vanderbilt Memory & Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
8Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK.
9Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
10Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
11Oxford Brain Diagnostics Ltd, Oxford, UK.
12Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, GB Rossi Hospital, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
13Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
14Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
15Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
16Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
17Duke-UNC Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
18Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
19Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
20Albertinen Krankenhaus/Albertinen Haus gGmbH, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
21MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK.
22Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
23Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
24School of Psychology, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK.
25Division of Genomics and Precision Medicine, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
26Division of Geriatrics, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
27Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica em Envelhecimento (LIM-66), Servico de Geriatria, Setor Azul (Clinica Medica), Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
28Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Abstract
Multimorbidity-the co-occurrence of two or more chronic health conditions-affects > 86% of people with dementia. It is associated with cognitive and functional decline, reduced health-related quality of life, increased health-care use, and higher mortality. The relationship between multimorbidity and dementia is potentially bidirectional; conditions such as hypertension and diabetes increase the r…
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