The Evolution of Do-It-Yourself Brain Hacking: From Fringe to Frontier.

Shaheen E Lakhan^1,2,3,4,5

¹Medical Office, Click Therapeutics, Inc., New York, USA.

²Department of Neurology, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, USA.

³Department of Neurology, A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, Mesa, USA.

⁴Department of Neurology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, USA.

⁵Department of Bioscience, Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation, Miami, USA.

PubMed PMC DOI PDF

Abstract

Do-it-yourself (DIY) brain hacking has evolved from fringe experimentation to a cultural and clinical phenomenon reshaping how individuals interact with their brains. From early self-directed use of racetam nootropics, at-home transcranial direct current stimulation, and meditation apps, to the normalization of microdosing psychedelics, this movement reflects a broader shift toward brain self-opti…

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