Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality in Orthopedic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review.

Robert Koucheki^1,2, Johnathan R Lex^1,2, Michael Brock³, Danny P Goel^3,4

¹Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

²Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

³PrecisionOS Technology, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

⁴Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

PubMed PMC DOI PDF

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) are being used in orthopedic surgery, with goals of enhancing surgical precision, trainee education, patient engagement, and personalized surgical strategies. AI-based predictive modeling, automated computer vision and image analytics, and robotic surgery are changing orthopedic preoperative planning and intraoperative decision-making, with the…

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