1Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
2Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
3International Diabetes Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
4School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
5Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA.
6Cecelia Health, New York, NY, USA.
7Lagoon Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
8School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
9SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
10Jaeb Center for Health Research, Tampa, FL, USA.
11Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
12Clinical Excellence Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
13Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.