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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Surg Innov2025;32(4):378-384.August 1, 2025Journal Article

Immersive Virtual Reality Simulation for Medical Student Procedural Training: Assessment of Cognitive Load and Usability.

Junko Tokuno1,2, Ryan M Knobovitch1,2, Fabio Botelho2,3, Howard B Fried4, Tamara E Carver1,2,5,6, Gerald M Fried1,2,5
1Steinberg Centre for Simulation and Interactive Learning, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
2Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
3Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
4Vantari VR, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
5Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
6Institute of Health Sciences Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Abstract

ObjectiveIn a previous randomized controlled trial, we found immersive virtual reality (VR) simulation to be effective for teaching procedural skills to medical students. We further investigated this interface's usability and cognitive load.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of data from a previous randomized controlled trial. Twenty-two medical students with no or limited experience with VR and…

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