Strategies for Improving Enrollment of Diverse Populations with a Focus on Lipid-Lowering Clinical Trials.

Oluwabunmi Ogungbe^1,2, Jelani K Grant^2,3, Adeoluwa Segilola Ayoola⁴, Eyram Bansah⁵, Hailey N Miller¹, Timothy B Plante⁶, Payam Sheikhattari^7,8, Yvonne Commodore-Mensah^1,5, Ruth-Alma N Turkson-Ocran^9,10, Stephen P Juraschek^9,10, Seth S Martin^2,5,3, Michael Lin¹¹, Cheryl R Himmelfarb^1,12,13, Erin D Michos^14,15,16

¹Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.

²Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

³Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Blalock 524-B, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.

⁴Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.

⁵Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

⁶Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.

⁷School of Community Health & Policy, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.

⁸Prevention Sciences Research Center, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, 21251, USA.

⁹Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.

¹⁰Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

¹¹Reify Health, Boston, MA, USA.

¹²Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

¹³Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

¹⁴Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. edonnell@jhmi.edu.

¹⁵Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. edonnell@jhmi.edu.

¹⁶Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Blalock 524-B, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. edonnell@jhmi.edu.

PubMed DOI

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We review under-representation of key demographic groups in cardiovascular clinical trials, focusing on lipid-lowering trials. We outline multilevel strategies to recruit and retain diverse populations in cardiovascular trials. RECENT FINDINGS: Barriers to participation in trials occur at the study, participant, health system, sponsor, and policy level, requiring a multilevel a…

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