Peer-Reviewed Publication
NPJ Digit Med2022;5(1):100.July 19, 2022Journal Article
A Delphi consensus statement for digital surgery.
Kyle Lam1,2, Michael D Abràmoff3,4, José M Balibrea5,6, Steven M Bishop7, Richard R Brady8,9, Rachael A Callcut10, Manish Chand11, Justin W Collins7,11, Markus K Diener12,13, Matthias Eisenmann14, Kelly Fermont15, Manoel Galvao Neto16,17, Gregory D Hager18,19, Robert J Hinchliffe20, Alan Horgan9, Pierre Jannin21, Alexander Langerman22,23, Kartik Logishetty1, Amit Mahadik24, Lena Maier-Hein14,25,26,27, Esteban Martín Antona28, Pietro Mascagni29,30,31, Ryan K Mathew32,33, Beat P Müller-Stich34,35, Thomas Neumuth36, Felix Nickel34, Adrian Park37, Gianluca Pellino38,39, Frank Rudzicz40,41,42,43, Sam Shah44, Mark Slack7,45,46, Myles J Smith47,48, Naeem Soomro49, Stefanie Speidel50,51, Danail Stoyanov52, Henry S Tilney1,53, Martin Wagner34,35, Ara Darzi1,2, James M Kinross54, Sanjay Purkayastha1
1Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK.
2Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, London, UK.
3Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
4Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
5Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
6Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
7CMR Surgical Limited, Cambridge, UK.
8Newcastle Centre for Bowel Disease Research Hub, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
9Department of Colorectal Surgery, Newcastle Hospitals, Newcastle, UK.
10Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
11Department of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
12Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
13Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
14Division of Computer Assisted Medical Interventions (CAMI), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
15Solicitor of the Senior Courts of England and Wales, Independent Researcher, Bristol, UK.
16Endovitta Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
17FMABC Medical School, Santo Andre, Brazil.
18The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
19Department of Computer Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
20Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
21LTSI, Inserm UMR 1099, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France.
22Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery and Radiology & Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
23International Centre for Surgical Safety, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
24Stryker Corporation, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
25Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
26Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
27LKSK Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
28Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
29Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
30IHU-Strasbourg, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France.
31ICube, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
32School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
33Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
34Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
35National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany.
36Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
37Department of Surgery, Anne Arundel Medical Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Annapolis, MD, USA.
38Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
39Colorectal Surgery, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
40Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
41Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, Canada.
42Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
43Surgical Safety Technologies Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada.
44Faculty of Future Health, College of Medicine and Dentistry, Ulster University, Birmingham, UK.
45Department of Urogynaecology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
46University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
47The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.
48Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
49Department of Urology, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
50Division of Translational Surgical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany.
51Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
52Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
53Department of Colorectal Surgery, Frimley Health NHS Foundation Trust, Frimley, UK.
54Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK. j.kinross@imperial.ac.uk.
Abstract
The use of digital technology is increasing rapidly across surgical specialities, yet there is no consensus for the term 'digital surgery'. This is critical as digital health technologies present technical, governance, and legal challenges which are unique to the surgeon and surgical patient. We aim to define the term digital surgery and the ethical issues surrounding its clinical application, and…
Create a free account to keep reading
Free members get 10 full research views every month across publications, clinical trials, FDA clearances, adverse events, and NIH grants. No credit card required.
Want unlimited research access? See Pro plans