Health AI Central
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Adv Sci (Weinh)2026;e78005.September 27, 2026Journal Article

Transformer-Based Multitask Framework Integrating Habitat and Deep Learning for Predicting Early Disease Control and Survival in Immunotherapy-Treated Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Xiaona Fu1,2,3, Yusheng Guo1,2,3, Bingxin Gong1,2,3, Jie Lou1,2,3, Ning Wang4, Xuejun Chen4, Hongtao Hu4, Rundong Wang5, Xiaofang Guo6, Shanmei Li6, Yangyang Xie7, Shichao Long8, Mengsi Li8, Shubo Pan9, Wen Shen10, Zhaogang Zhang10, Zifang Song11, Pengchen Liang12, Xiaoyun Liang12, Peng Sun13, Guilin Zhang1,2,3, Shanshan Jiang1,2,3, Jinxiang Zhang14, Lian Yang1,2,3
1Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
2Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology & Interventional Medicine, Wuhan, China.
3Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China.
4Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
5Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
6Department of Radiology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
7Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Multi-omics Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
8Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
9Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
10Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Imaging Medicine, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
11Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
12Institute of Research and Clinical Innovations, Neusoft Medical Systems Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
13Institute of Research and Clinical Innovations, Neusoft Medical Systems Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China.
14Department of Emergency Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients show heterogeneous responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). This study developed ECOS-Net, a transformer-based multitask network integrating CT-derived habitat and 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) deep learning features for simultaneously predicting early disease control (DC) and overall survival (OS). Of 1,234 patients with HCC enrolled from eight institutio…

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