Peer-Reviewed Publication
Emotion2026September 10, 2026Journal Article

Emotional responses to naturalistic and artificial intelligence (AI)-generated affective pictures: A systematic comparison.

Faith Gilbert1, Fan Yang2, Ethan Smith2, Sarah M Gardy1, Andrew H Farkas1, Yujun Chen2, Mingzhou Ding2, Ruogu Fang2, Andreas Keil1
1Department of Psychology, University of Florida.
2J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida.

Abstract

Pictures depicting naturalistic scenes are widely used in studies of human emotion. However, the practical use of affective pictures is limited by several factors, including the difficulty of obtaining content-diverse, high-quality, openly accessible, and standardized stimuli that are necessary for specific research questions. The use of artificially generated (AI) pictures could address this limi…

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