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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Nat Rev Cancer2026September 8, 2026Journal Article

Reflecting on 25 years of cancer research: transformative advances and unmet expectations.

Allan Balmain1, René Bernards2,3, Hans Clevers4,5,6, Karen H Vousden7, Paul Workman8, Marinka Zitnik9,10,11
1UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA. Allan.Balmain@ucsf.edu.
2Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.bernards@nki.nl.
3Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. r.bernards@nki.nl.
4Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. h.clevers@hubrecht.eu.
5Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands. h.clevers@hubrecht.eu.
6University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. h.clevers@hubrecht.eu.
7The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. karen.vousden@crick.ac.uk.
8Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK. Paul.Workman@icr.ac.uk.
9Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. marinka@hms.harvard.edu.
10Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Harvard University, Allston, MA, USA. marinka@hms.harvard.edu.
11Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. marinka@hms.harvard.edu.
PubMed DOI

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