Peer-Reviewed Publication
ACM Trans Evol Learn Optim2026;6(2)January 1, 2026Journal Article

Survival-LCS: Rule-Based Survival Analysis without Proportional Hazard Assumptions.

Alexa A Woodward1, Harsh Bandhey2, Jason H Moore2, Ryan J Urbanowicz2
1HealthVerity, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA.
2Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Abstract

Survival analysis is widely utilized to model time-to-event data across biomedical, epidemiological, and engineering domains. However, traditional methods such as Cox regression impose strong assumptions, including proportional hazards, and are often inadequate for capturing complex, non-linear relationships in high-dimensional or heterogeneous data. Rule-based machine learning algorithms, such as…

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