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Peer-Reviewed Publication
Nat Rev Drug Discov2026August 24, 2026Journal Article

Towards precision psychiatry: initial foundations and future directions.

Amit Etkin1,2, Patricio O'Donnell3, Kerry J Ressler4, Husseini Manji5,6
1Alto Neuroscience, Inc, Mountain View, CA, USA. amitetkin@altoneuroscience.com.
2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. amitetkin@altoneuroscience.com.
3Alto Neuroscience, Inc, Mountain View, CA, USA.
4Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
5Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
6Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

Psychiatric disorders carry a major public health burden, yet advances in treatment have been slow to emerge, partly owing to reliance on traditional symptom-based diagnostic frameworks. In this Perspective, we explore the emerging paradigm of precision psychiatry, which seeks to align therapeutic development with underlying neural biology dysfunctions using biomarkers. Drawing lessons from the su…

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