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Peer-Reviewed Publication
EMBO Mol Med2026August 22, 2026Journal Article

IRE1 activity is prognostic in localised and metastatic prostate cancer and affects epithelial lineage states.

Dimitrios Doultsinos1, Ingrid Tomljanovic2, Eleftherios Pilalis3, Sophia M Abusamra4, Mohammed Alshalalfa5, Romuald Parmentier6,7,8, Vidhula Ahire4, Imogen E Bridges4, Sandy Figiel4, Joanna Hester4, Damien Leach9, Ashwin Nandakumar4, Rensheng Wan10, Yanis Zekri11,12, Jichang Zhang13, Charlotte L Bevan9, Edward O'Neill4, Alastair D Lamb14, Valentine Macauley4, Jean Phillipe Theurillat13, Alfonso Urbanucci15,16, R Jeffrey Karnes17, Daniel E Spratt18, Elai Davicioni5, David Quigley10,19,20, Wilbert Zwart11,12, Clementine Le Magnen6,7,8, Aristotelis Chatziioannou3,21, Ian G Mills22
1Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. dimitrios.doultsinos@nds.ox.ac.uk.
2Department of Urology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
3e-NIOS PC, Kallithea-Athens, Greece.
4Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
5Veracyte, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
6Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
7Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
8Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
9Imperial College London, London, UK.
10Department of Urology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
11Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Insitute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
12Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
13Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Oncology Research, USI, Bellinzona, TI, 6500, Switzerland.
14Centre for Cancer Evolution, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
15Center for Cancer Eradication Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland.
16Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
17Mayo Clinic Dept of Urology, Rochester, MN, USA.
18University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
19Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
20Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
21Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece.
22Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. ian.mills@nds.ox.ac.uk.

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is an androgen receptor (AR) driven, high-incidence disease significantly contributing to cancer mortality. To improve treatment outcomes for patients at high risk of metastasis, PCa is in need of better risk stratification at diagnosis. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an AR-dependent process. However, the impact of the UPR transducer IRE1 on AR-dependent biology and a…

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