Health AI Central
Peer-Reviewed Publication
J Pediatr Clin Pract2026;21200230.October 1, 2026Journal Article

Neonatal Brain Structure, Early Life Context, and Academic Achievement among Children Born Very Preterm.

Stina Oftedal1,2, Samudragupta Bora3,4, Kerstin Pannek5,6, Simona Fiori7,8, Andrea Guzzetta9,10, Alex M Pagnozzi6, Robert S Ware11,12, Paul B Colditz13,14, Roslyn N Boyd2, Joanne M George1,15
1Child Health Research Centre, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
2Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research Centre, Child Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
3Health Services Research Center, University Hospitals Research & Education Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
4Mater Research Institute, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
5The Australian e-Health Research Centre, CSIRO, Herston, QLD, Australia.
6School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
7Neuroscience and Medical Genetics Department, Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.
8Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Children's Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
9Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
10IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy.
11Griffith Biostatistics Unit, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD, Australia.
12Wesley Research Institute, Level 8, East Wing, Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD, Australia.
13University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia.
14Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia.
15Physiotherapy Department, Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
PubMed PMC DOI PDF

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether neonatal brain abnormality severity was independently associated with academic achievement at 6 years and whether it modified the association between early life socioeconomic context and achievement in children born very preterm. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort of 133 Australian infants born at <31 weeks' gestation at a tertiary hospital was followed up at age 6 y…

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