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Eur J Radiol2026;204113069.July 10, 2026Journal Article

Short-term quantitative CT trajectories of pulmonary Ground-Glass nodules during immune checkpoint inhibitor Therapy: A matched surveillance cohort study.

Qinyue Luo1, Yuting Zheng2, Hanting Li3, Xiaofei Yue4, Xiaoming Cai5, Osamah Alwalid6, Mian Xu7, Guangyao Wu8, Wenjuan Tang9, Yimeng He10, Shiqi Li11, Jingjing Deng12, Heshui Shi13, Xiaoyu Han14
1Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue #1277, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology & Interventional Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: qinyueluo0530@163.com.
2Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue #1277, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology & Interventional Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: yuting74029@163.com.
3Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China. Electronic address: lihanting2022@163.com.
4Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, East Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China. Electronic address: erinyue8348@126.com.
5Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue #1277, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology & Interventional Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: 82335573@qq.com.
6Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar. Electronic address: dr.osamah_alwalid@yahoo.com.
7Infervision Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China. Electronic address: xmian@infervision.com.
8Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue #1277, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology & Interventional Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: guangyao.w@foxmail.com.
9Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue #1277, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology & Interventional Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: tangwenjuantang@163.com.
10Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue #1277, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology & Interventional Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: heyimeng0816@163.com.
11Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue #1277, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology & Interventional Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: summerli614@163.com.
12Department of Radiology, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China. Electronic address: 1127782640@qq.com.
13Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue #1277, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology & Interventional Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: heshuishi@hust.edu.cn.
14Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Avenue #1277, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Precision Radiology & Interventional Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China. Electronic address: xiaoyuhan1123@163.com.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The short-term CT behavior of pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGNs) during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy remains uncertain. We compared longitudinal CT changes in GGNs observed during ICI therapy with those in a matched surveillance cohort of untreated GGNs. METHODS: In this retrospective exploratory study, the ICI cohort was identified from 1,930 patients with malignant t…

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