Health AI Central
Share:
Peer-Reviewed Publication
Nature2026;652(8108):135-142.April 1, 2026Journal Article

Investigating the analytical robustness of the social and behavioural sciences.

Balazs Aczel1, Barnabas Szaszi2,3, Harry T Clelland4,5, Marton Kovacs4,6, Felix Holzmeister7, Don van Ravenzwaaij8, Hannah Schulz-Kümpel9, Sabine Hoffmann9, Gustav Nilsonne10,11, Livia Kosa4,6, Zoltan A Torma4, Yousuf Abdelfatah12, Christopher L Aberson13, Oguz A Acar14, Ensar Acem15, Matus Adamkovic16,17,18, Timofey Adamovich19, Krisna Adiasto20, Love Ahnström10, Atakan M Akil4,21, Adil S Al-Busaidi22,23, Ali H Al-Hoorie24, Casper J Albers8, Peter J Allen25, Taym Alsalti26, Micah Altman27, Shilaan Alzahawi28, Ettore Ambrosini29, Saule Anafinova30, Rahul Anand31, Martin Angerer32, Ariadna Angulo-Brunet33, Alberto Antonietti34, Jozsef Arato35, Andreu Arenas36, Marco M Aviña37,38, Flavio Azevedo39, Marko Bachl40, Bence Bago41, Štěpán Bahník42, Bradley J Baker43, Elza Balayan7, Cassandra L Baldwin44, Benjamin Banai45, Kasia Banas46, František Bartoš47, Ernest Baskin48, Jojanneke A Bastiaansen49, Nadège Bault50, Christopher W Bauman51, Quintin H Beazer52, Maciej Behnke53, Theiss Bendixen54, Sebastian Berger55, Anna Bernard56, Ursa Bernardic57, Paul A Bloom58, Annika Boldt59, Ciril Bosch-Rosa60, Rotem Botvinik-Nezer61,62, Adam Bouyamourn12, Ozge Bozkurt63, Laurel Brehm64, Johannes Breuer65,66, Ryan Briggs67,68, Hilmar Brohmer69, Erin Buchanan70, Johannes Buckenmaier71, Jeffrey Buckley72, Jacek Buczny73,74, Matthias Burghart75, Bilal H Butt76,77, Nick Byrd78, Valentina Cafarelli79, Patrick Callahan80, Tabaré Capitán81, Kevin Carriere82, Andrea M Cataldo83,84, Gabriel Cepaluni85,86, Eugene Chan87, Jesse J Chandler88, Chia-Chen Chang89, Xi Chen90,91, Shirley Shuo Chen92, Fadong Chen93, Hao Chen94, Valerii Chirkov95,96, Daniela Cialfi97,98, Beth Clarke99, Sophie G Coelho100, Clara Cohen101, Jason Collins102, Susan W Cook103, Gaia Corlazzoli104, Jamie Cummins105,106, Christian Czymara107,108, Jonathan D'hondt109,110, Anna Dalla Rosa111, Abi M B Davis112, Charles P Davis113, Martin V Day114, Freya De Keyzer115, Joshua R de Leeuw116, Tjeerd Rudmer de Vries117,118, Ramit Debnath119,120, Filip Dechterenko121, Elif E Demiral122, Marc Desgroseilliers123, Dominik Dianovics4,6, Veronica Diveica124, Stephan Dochow-Sondershaus125, Simone Dohle126, LiChen Dong127, Jonas Dora128, Angela R Dorrough129,130, Anna Dreber7,131, Hongfei Du132,133, John E Edlund134, Anita Eerland20, Emir Efendić135, Jacob Elder136, Mahmoud M Elsherif137,138, Mareike Ernst139, Eduardo Estrada140, Luis Eudave141, Thomas R Evans142,143, Arodi Farrera144, El Mehdi Ferrouhi145, Lenka Fiala146,147,148, Fabrício M Fialho149,150, Joshua L Fiechter151, Miloš Fišar152, Pablo Ezequiel Flores-Kanter153,154, Michał Folwarczny155, Jessica L Fossum156, Vithor R Franco157, René Freichel158, Danilo Freire159, Joris Frese160, Alexander C Furnas161,162, Johann D Gaebler163, Lisa C Gajary164,165, Carl Michael Galang166,167, Benjamin Ganschow168, S Mason Garrison169, Agata Gasiorowska170, Bruno Gasparotto Ponne171, Romain Gauriot172, Alice Geminiani173,174, Diogo Geraldes175,176, Morton Ann Gernsbacher127, Cinzia Giani177, Enrico Glerean178, Vukašin Gligorić179, Timo Gnambs180, Amélie Godefroidt181,182, Bastián González-Bustamante183,184, Andreas Goreis185, Lorenz Graf-Vlachy186,187, Manuel Grieder188,189, Dmitry Grigoryev190, Sandra Grinschgl191,192, David J Grüning193, João F Guassi Moreira194,195, Clément Guichet196, Lilas Gurgand197, Hooman Habibnia198, Andrew C Hafenbrack199, Sebastian Hafenbrädl200, Carolin Häffner201, Felix Hagemeister202, Matthew Haigh203, Nandor Hajdu4, Narges Hajimoladarvish204, Jonathan D Hall205, Maik Hamjediers160, Robert M Hardwick206, Mehmet Harma15,207, Nicholas R Harp208, Áron D Hartvig209,210, Raphael H Heiberger211, Arthur Heim212,213, Øystein Hernæs214, Dennis Hernaus215, Tom Heyman216, Joshua Hicks217, Jeremy Hogeveen218, Julia Höpler9, Sean Dae Houlihan62,219, Christoph Huber220, Conor Hughes221, Teresa Hummler66, Karoline Huth222, Moritz Ingendahl223, Tatsunori Ishii224, Ozan Isler225, Kamil Izydorczak170, Iain R Jackson226, Andrew Jahn227,228, Maitri Jain229, Alexander Jakubow230, Daisung Jang231, JunHyeok Jang232, Marc Jekel130, Fanli Jia233, William Jiménez-Leal234, Rebecca Johnson235, Alex Jones236, Sebastian Jungkunz237,238, Pavol Kačmár239, Caspar Kaiser240,241, Yağmur Kalaycı242, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz243, Anıl Karabulut244,245, Julian D Karch246, Hamid Karimi-Rouzbahani247, Johannes A Karl248,249, Austėja Kažemekaitytė250, Aliaksandr Kazlou251, Zoltan Kekecs4, Jin Kim252, Michael H Kirchler253, Bence Kiss-Dobronyi254, Kai N Klasmeier255,256, Jack W Klein257,258, Cemal Koba259, Marta Kołczyńska260, Pavlos Kolias261, Matěj Kolouch Grabovský262, Max Korbmacher263,264,265, Živa Korda69, Marta Kowal266, André Kretzschmar267, Vladislav Krivoshchekov268, Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos269,270, Marcus Kubsch271, Yoshihiko Kunisato272, David Lacko273, Jan R Landwehr274, Martin Lange275, Hongmi Lee276, Daniel Lee277, Sangil Lee278, Edward P Lemay279, Daniel Lempert280, Andrea Leo281,282, Elise Lesage283, Joel M Levin284,285, Peng Li286, Jing Lin287, Luke Lindsay288, Daria Lisovoj201, Meng Liu289, Sihong Liu290, Tingshu Liu291, Sergio Lo Iacono292, Paul Lodder293, Rubén López-Bueno294, Ruben Lopez-Nicolas295, Katharina Loter293, Nigel Mantou Lou296, Andrey Lovakov297, Jackson G Lu298, Jonas Ludwig299, Finn Luebber300,301, Jiří Lukavský121, Charles Q Luo302, Xuanyu Lyu303, Esther Maassen293, Martin Máčel304, Michael L Mack305, Christopher R Madan306, Andreas Mädebach307, Joseph Maffly-Kipp308, Daniel J Mallinson309, Igor Marchetti310, Tyler Marghetis311, Matteo M Marini312, Diego Marino Fages313, Mayte Martínez314,315, Mario Martinoli316, Aidas Masiliunas317, Sébastien Massoni318, Kaleb C Mathieu319, Stefan Mayer320, Duncan J Mayer321, Maren Mayer322, Ethan M McCormick323,324, Ian M McDonough325,326, Amanda L McGowan327,328, Miranda M McIntyre329, Paul McKee113,328, Armando N Meier330, Pascal F Meier331, Helena Melero332, Christoph Merkle333,334, Raphael Merz223, Michalis P Michaelides335, Patrik Michaelsen336,337, Gosia Mikolajczak338, Wladislaw Mill339, Philip Millroth340, Kirill G Miroshnik341,342, Michal Misiak266,343, Youri L Mora344, David Moreau345,346, Chris Moreh347,348, Coby Morvinski349, Faisal Mushtaq350,351, Tamás Nagy4, Christa Nater352, Elias Naumann353, Gorka Navarrete354, Stephan Nebe355, Andre Nedderhoff356, Richard Nennstiel357, Martin Neugebauer358, Eliana Nicolaisen-Sobesky359,360, Yngwie A Nielsen361, Guiomar Niso362, Benjamin Nowak363, Mehmet Okan364, Kenneth Ong304, Adrian I Onicas365, Christian Oswald366, Kasper Otten367, Shubham Pandey368,369, Myrto Pantazi344,370, Paolo Papale371, Philip Pärnamets10, Shiva Pauer370,372, Yuri G Pavlov373, Samuel Pawel374, Jonathan E Peelle375, Hannah K Peetz20, Anton Peez376,377, Francesca Pesciarelli378,379, Brenton D Peterson380, Benjamin Petruželka381, Jonas Petter158, Jan Pfänder382, Gerit Pfuhl383, Joseph Phillips384, Matthew T Pietryka385, Angelo Pirrone386,387, Ilse L Pit193,388,389, Anna Plachti390, Irene Sophia Plank391, Matteo Ploner250, Russell A Poldrack392, Monique M H Pollmann393, Simon Porcher394, Patrick Präg395, Andrew Adrian Y Pua396,397, Jessica Pugel398, Rohan Puri399,400, Marcell Püski4, Setayesh Radkani219,401, Louis Raes148, Ismaël Rafaï402,403, Klara Raiber404, Steve Rathje405, Raphael Rehms80,406,407, Mikhail Reshetnikov408, Caleb J Reynolds409, James P Reynolds410, Kévin Rigaud195, Charlie Rioux411, Sebastian Rivera184,412, Olly Robertson413, Rafael Román-Caballero414,415,416,417, Ivan Ropovik418,419, Lukas Röseler420,421, Robert M Ross422, Amanda Rotella203, Franziska F Rüffer293, Felix Rusche339,423, Massimo Rusconi424, Irene Russo425, Alexander H J Sahm426, Janos Salamon427, Margaret Samahita175, Ali Sanaei428, Arshiya Sangchooli99, Alexandra Sarafoglou158, Michele Scandola429, Henning Schaak430, Michael Schaerer431, Eric Schares432, Hayden T Schilling433, Xenia Schmalz434, Kathleen Schmidt435, Tom Schonberg436, Marcel R Schreiner437,438, Joris M Schröder439, Anna-Lena Schubert440, Brendan Schuetze441, Douglas H Schultz442, Lars Schulze443, Shawn T Schwartz392,444, Nicole Schwitter445,446, Bermond Scoggins447, Yashvin Seetahul448, Raffaello Seri424, David R Shanks449, Stacy T Shaw450, Joseph Shaw451, Qiang Shen452, Christoph Siemroth453, Martina Sladekova454, Angela Somo379, Arjun Sondhi455, Burak Sonmez456, Lisa Spantig453,457, Maarten Speekenbrink458, Angelos Stamos459, Lukasz Stasielowicz460, Leonie C Steckermeier461,462, Simon R Steinkamp390, Andrea H Stoevenbelt463, Chris N H Street464, Jordan W Suchow465, Hans Fredrik Sunde466, James Sundquist467,468, Vsevolod Suschevskiy469,470, Scott D Swain471, Peter Szecsi4,6, Raluca D Szekely-Copîndean472,473, Ewa Szumowska474, Alessandro Tacconelli475, Eli Talbert476, John P Tang477, Jorge N Tendeiro478, Martina Testori479, Enrico Toffalini480, Aleksandar Tomašević481, Selin Topel246,482,483, Lasse Torkkeli484,485,486, Leonardo Tozzi487, Jakub Traczyk170, Alexander Trinidad488, Darinka Trübutschek489,490, Konrad Turek491, Maximiliane Uhlich492, Eric L Uhlmann493, Karolina Urbanska494, Jasper Van Assche344,495, Marcel A L M van Assen293,496, Noah N N van Dongen158, Kenny van Lieshout497, Roel van Veldhuizen498, Marton A Varga4, Leigh Ann Vaughn499, Fruzsina Venczel4, Michela Vezzoli500, Paul Vierus66, Antonino Visalli501, Emily Voldal502, Fabio Votta503, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers158, Anica Waldendorf504, Matthew J Walker505, Matthew B Wall506,507, Henri Wallen508, Ke Wang509, Iris Wang510, Y Andre Wang305, Markus Weinmann511, Martin Weiß512, Christian Westheide513,514, Aaron Wichman515,516, Juliane C Wilcke80, Benedict J Williams517, David Wisniewski167,518,519, Thomas K A Woiczyk520, Mateusz Woźniak521,522,523, Joshua D Wright524, Wu Youyou525, Jesper N Wulff333, Tao Yang526, Siu Kit Yeung527, Kenneth S L Yuen528,529, Michał Zawistowski530, Rizqy A Zein531,532, Xian Zhao533, Zefan Zheng534,535, Steven Zhou536, Conrad Ziller66, David Zimmerman537, Cristina Zogmaister538, Ro'i Zultan539, Nicholas Fox540, Timothy M Errington540, Brian A Nosek540,541
1Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. balazs.aczel@gmail.com.
2Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary. szaszi.barnabas@gmail.com.
3Institute of Operations and Decision Sciences, Corvinus Institute for Advanced Studies (CIAS), Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary. szaszi.barnabas@gmail.com.
4Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
5Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK.
6Doctoral School of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
7Department of Economics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
8Department of Psychometrics and Statistics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
9Department of Statistics, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.
10Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
11Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
12Department of Politics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
13The Dissertation Coach, Oak Park, CA, USA.
14King's Business School, King's College London, London, UK.
15Department of Psychology, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey.
16Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
17Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
18Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.
19Behavioral Genetics Laboratory, Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia.
20Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
21Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
22Innovation and Technology Transfer Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
23Business Communication Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
24Jubail English Language and Preparatory Year Institute, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia.
25School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
26Personality Psychology and Psychological Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
27Center for Research on Equitable and Open Scholarship, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
28Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
29Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
30Department of Technical Education, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
31Department of Management, Aarhus BSS (Aarhus University), Aarhus, Denmark.
32Liechtenstein Business School, University of Liechtenstein, Vaduz, Liechtenstein.
33Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
34Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy.
35Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
36Institut d'Economia de Barcelona and IPERC, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
37Department of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
38James M. and Cathleen D. Stone PhD Scholars in Inequality and Wealth Concentration, Cambridge, MA, USA.
39Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
40Institute for Media and Communication Studies, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
41Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
42Department of Management, Faculty of Business Administration, Prague University of Economics and Business, Prague, Czech Republic.
43Department of Sport, Tourism and Hospitality Management, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
44Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA.
45Banai Analitika, Osijek, Croatia.
46Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
47Department of Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
48Department of Food, Pharma and Healthcare, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
49Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
50Brain Research & Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
51Paul Merage School of Business, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
52Department of Political Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
53Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
54School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
55Bern University of Applied Science, Bern, Switzerland.
56Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Católica Lisbon School of Business & Economics, Lisbon, Portugal.
57CEPE, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
58Psychiatry Department, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
59Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
60Chair of Macroeconomics, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
61Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
62Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
63Department of Psychology, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
64Department of Linguistics, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
65Research Data & Methods, Center for Advanced Internet Studies (CAIS), Bochum, Germany.
66Department of Political Science, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany.
67Guelph Institute of Development Studies, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
68Department of Political Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
69Department of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
70Analytics, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, USA.
71Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
72Department of Technology Education, Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest, Athlone, Ireland.
73Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
74Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Sopot, Poland.
75Department of Criminology, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, Freiburg, Germany.
76School of Mathematics and Computer Science (SMCS), Institute of Business Administration, Karachi, Pakistan.
77Computer Science Department, DHA Suffa University, Karachi, Pakistan.
78School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
79Independent Researcher, New York, NY, USA.
80Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
81Department of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
82Department of Psychology, Stonehill College, Easton, MA, USA.
83Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
84Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
85Department of International Relations and Public Policy, São Paulo State University, Franca, Brazil.
86Kellogg Institute for International Studies, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
87Ted Rogers School of Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
88Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
89Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
90Chinese Open Science Network, Shanghai, China.
91Department of Intelligent Perception and Interaction Research, OPPO Shanghai Research Institute, Shanghai, China.
92Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
93School of Management, Neuromanagement Laboratory and The State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
94Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
95Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
96Science of Intelligence Research Cluster of Excellence, Berlin, Germany.
97Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
98Enrico Fermi Research Center, Rome, Italy.
99Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
100Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
101English Language and Linguistics, School of Critical Studies, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
102UTS Business School, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, Australia.
103Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
104Center for Research in Cognition & Neurosciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
105Department of Psychology of Digitalisation, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
106Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
107Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
108Department of Sociology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
109Department of Work, Organisation and Society, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
110Department of Marketing, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
111Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
112School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.
113Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
114Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.
115Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
116Cognitive Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, USA.
117Copenhagen Health Complexity Center, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
118Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
119Collective Intelligence and Design Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
120Climate and Social Intelligence Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
121Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
122College of Business and Technology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
123School of Computer Communication Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
124Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
125Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
126Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
127Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
128Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
129Faculty of Psychology, FernUniversität in Hagen, Hagen, Germany.
130Department of Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
131Department of Economics, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden.
132Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China.
133Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
134Department of Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA.
135Department of Marketing and Supply-Chain Management, School of Business and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
136Independent Researcher, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
137Psychology and Vision Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
138University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
139Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis, Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Woerthersee, Austria.
140Social Psychology and Methodology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
141School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
142School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
143Institute for Lifecourse Development, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
144Institute of Anthropological Research, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
145Faculty of Economics and Management, University Ibn Tofail, Kénitra, Morocco.
146Department of Economics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
147Institute for Replication, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
148Department of Economics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
149School of Sociology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.
150International Inequalities Institute, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
151Department of Psychology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
152Department of Public Economics & MUEEL, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
153Universidad Siglo 21, Córdoba, Argentina.
154Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
155Discipline of Marketing, J.E. Cairnes School of Business & Economics, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
156Department of Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA, USA.
157Postgraduate Program of Psychology, São Francisco University, Campinas, Brazil.
158Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
159Department of Data and Decision Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
160Department of Political and Social Sciences, European University Institute, Fiesole, Italy.
161Center for Science of Science & Innovation, Evanston, IL, USA.
162Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
163Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
164John Glenn College of Public Affairs, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
165River Forest, LLC, Dublin, OH, USA.
166Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
167Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Berlin, Germany.
168Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
169Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
170Faculty of Psychology in Wroclaw, SWPS University, Wroclaw, Poland.
171Federal Senate of Brazil, Brasilia, Brazil.
172Department of Economics, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
173Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
174Neuroscience Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
175School of Economics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
176Geary Institute for Public Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
177Independent Researcher, Como, Italy.
178Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
179Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
180Educational Measurement, Leibniz Institute for Educational Trajectories, Bamberg, Germany.
181Centre for Research on Peace and Development, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
182IESEG School of Management, Lille, France.
183Institute of Public Administration, Leiden University, The Hague, The Netherlands.
184Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.
185Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
186Department of Business and Economics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany.
187ESCP Business School, Paris, France.
188Faculty of Business and Economics, UniDistance Suisse, Brig, Switzerland.
189School of Management and Law, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Winterthur, Switzerland.
190Center for Sociocultural Research, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.
191Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
192Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
193Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
194Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
195Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA.
196Department of Psychology, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5105 LPNC, Grenoble, France.
197Département d'études cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris, Paris, France.
198Department of Strategy of Innovation, Institute for Cognition and Behavior, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria.
199Management & Organization, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
200Managing People in Organizations, IESE Business School, Barcelona, Spain.
201Department of Psychology: Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
202Data Science, Sueddeutsche Zeitung Digitale Medien, Munich, Germany.
203Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
204Tehran Institute for Advanced Studies, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran.
205Department of Economics, Finance, and Legal Studies, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
206Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
207Faculty of Psychology, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland.
208Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
209Department of Decision Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
210International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
211Institute for Social Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
212Labour and Public Policies, Paris School of Economics, Paris, France.
213Statistics, Evaluation and Research Department, Caisse Nationale des Allocations Familiales, Paris, France.
214Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research, Oslo, Norway.
215Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Mental Health and NeuroScience (MHeNS) Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
216Methodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
217Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
218Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
219Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
220Department of Finance, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
221Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
222Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
223Human Technology Interaction Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
224Department of Psychology, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.
225School of Economics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
226Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
227Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
228fMRI Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
229Department of Psychology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA.
230Yale Law School, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
231Melbourne Business School, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
232Political Science, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
233Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, USA.
234Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
235McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
236School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
237Institute of Sociology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
238Institute of Political Science, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
239Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia.
240Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
241University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
242Independent Researcher, Manisa, Turkey.
243Institute of Security and Global Affairs, Leiden University, The Hague, The Netherlands.
244MoMiLab, Social and Affective Neuroscience Group, IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca, Italy.
245Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
246Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
247Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
248School of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
249Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
250Department of Economics and Management, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
251Flo Health LTU, Vilnius, Lithuania.
252CUHK Business School, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
253Department of Banking and Finance, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
254Institute of Operations and Decision Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary.
255Structural Change and Work Organisation, Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Dortmund, Germany.
256Chair for Industrial/Organizational Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
257Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
258Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
259Computational Neuroscience Group, Sano Centre for Computational Personalized Medicine, Krakow, Poland.
260Department of Research on Social and Institutional Transformations, Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
261Department of Mathematics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
262Independent Researcher, Brno, Czechia.
263Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
264Mohn Medical Imaging and Visualisation Center, Bergen, Norway.
265Neuro-SysMed, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
266IDN Being Human Lab, Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
267Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
268CAPE, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
269Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
270Group of Health Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
271Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
272Department of Psychology, Senshu University, Kawasaki, Japan.
273Department of Personality Psychology and Social Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
274Department of Marketing, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
275Labour Markets and Social Insurance, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, Mannheim, Germany.
276Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
277Lerner College of Business, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
278Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
279Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
280Department of Politics, State University of New York Potsdam, Potsdam, NY, USA.
281Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
282Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, N.O.P. - S. Stefano, U.S.L. Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy.
283Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
284Rady School of Management, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
285Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
286School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
287Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA, USA.
288Department of Economics, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
289School of English and International Studies, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing, China.
290Stanford Center on Early Childhood, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
291Department of Social, Personality, and Health Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
292Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
293Department of Methodology and Statistics, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
294Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
295Department of Basic Psychology and Methodology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
296Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
297German Centre for Higher Education Research and Science Studies (DZHW), Berlin, Germany.
298MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
299Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
300Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
301Open Science Initiative, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
302Department of Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
303Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
304Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
305Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
306School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
307Department of Translation and Language Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
308Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
309School of Public Affairs, Penn State Harrisburg, Middletown, PA, USA.
310Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
311Cognitive and Information Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
312Department of Economics, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
313Department of Economics, Durham University, Durham, UK.
314Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, Domestication Lab, Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
315Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
316Insitute of Economics & L'EMbeDS, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
317School of Economics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
318Université de Lorraine-Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, BETA, Nancy, France.
319Department of Psychology and Special Education, East Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX, USA.
320School of Business and Economics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
321Independent Researcher, Doylestown, PA, USA.
322Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien (Knowledge Media Research Center), Tübingen, Germany.
323Methodology & Statistics, Universiteit Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands.
324Education Statistics and Research Methods, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
325Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
326Center for Cognitive Applications, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
327Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
328Department of Psychology, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA.
329Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA.
330Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
331Department of Business Administration, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
332Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
333Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
334Danish Finance Institute, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
335Department of Psychology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
336Department of Political Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
337Department of Management and Engineering, Division of Economics, Jedi Lab, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
338Global Institute for Women's Leadership, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
339Department of Economics, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
340Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
341Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
342Faculty of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
343School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
344Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (Free University of Brussels), Brussels, Belgium.
345School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
346Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
347School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
348ESRC Centre for Population Change, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
349Department of Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.
350School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
351Leeds NIHR Biomedical Reseatch Centre, Leeds, UK.
352Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
353GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, Mannheim, Germany.
354Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain.
355Zurich Center for Neuroeconomics, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
356Department of Psychological Methods, Helmut Schmidt University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
357Department of Sociology of Education, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
358Karlsruhe University of Education, Karlsruhe, Germany.
359Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
360Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
361Department of Linguistics, Cognitive Science and Semiotics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
362Neuroimaging Group, Cajal Neuroscience Center, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
363UMR Territoires, VetAgro Sup, AgroParisTech, INRAe, Université Clermont Auvergne, Lempdes, France.
364Department of Marketing, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
365Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
366Center for Crisis Early Warning, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany.
367Asylum and Migration Group, WODC (Research and Data Centre), The Hague, The Netherlands.
368Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
369University of Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany.
370Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
371Vision & Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
372Department of Social Psychology, Helmut Schmidt University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
373University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
374Department of Biostatistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
375Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
376Research Centre Normative Orders, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
377Peace Research Institute Frankfurt (PRIF), Frankfurt, Germany.
378Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neurological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
379Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
380Sababi Institute, Hargeisa, Somaliland.
381Faculty of Social Studies, Department of Social Work, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
382Department of Environmental Social Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
383Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
384School of Law and Politics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
385Political Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
386Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
387Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science, London School of Economics, London, UK.
388Institute of Human Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
389Calleva Research Centre for Evolution and Human Sciences, Magdalen College, Oxford, UK.
390Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark.
391Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
392Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
393Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
394Department of Management, Université Paris Dauphine PSL, Paris, France.
395Center for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST), ENSAE, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France.
396Carlos L. Tiu School of Economics, De La Salle University, Manila, The Philippines.
397School of Business, Economics, and Information Systems, University of Passau, Passau, Germany.
398Evidence-to-Impact Collaborative, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
399Sensorimotor Neuroscience and Ageing Research Group, School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
400Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
401Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
402CNRS, Université Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse School of Management, Toulouse, France.
403CNRS, Université Toulouse Capitole, Toulouse School of Economics, Toulouse, France.
404Department of Sociology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
405Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
406Chair for AI in Healthcare and Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany.
407Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Munich, Germany.
408Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
409Department of Psychology, Willamette University, Salem, OR, USA.
410School of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
411Department of Interdisciplinary Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
412Escuela de Gobierno y Administración Pública, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.
413Department of Psychiatry, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
414Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
415Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
416Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
417McMaster Institute for Music & the Mind - LIVELab, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
418Faculty of Education, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
419Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
420Department for Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
421Münster Center for Open Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
422School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
423Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Economics, Bonn, Germany.
424InsIDE Lab, Dipartimento di Economia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy.
425Cnr-Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale "Antonio Zampolli" (CNR-ILC), Pisa, Italy.
426Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
427Department of Ergonomics and Psychology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.
428Computational Social Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
429Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
430Department of Economics and Social Sciences, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria.
431Lee Kong Chian School of Business, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore.
432University Library, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
433Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
434Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
435Department of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA.
436School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
437Department of Psychology III, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
438Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
439Centre for Decision Research and Experimental Economics, School of Economics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
440Department of Psychology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
441Educational Psychology Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
442Center for Brain, Biology and Behavior, Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
443Department of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
444Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
445MZES, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
446Department of Sociology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
447School of Politics and International Relations, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
448Department of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
449Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
450Department of Social Sciences and Policy Studies, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA.
451Faculty of Sport, Technology and Health Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK.
452Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior (Ministry of Education and Shanghai), School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.
453Department of Economics, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
454School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
455Department of Quantitative Intelligence, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, New York, NY, USA.
456Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
457School of Business and Economics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
458Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
459Department of Management, Society and Communication, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark.
460Institute of Psychology, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
461Department of Social Sciences, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
462Faculty of Social Science, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
463Department of Educational Science, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
464School of Psychology, Keele University, Keele, UK.
465School of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
466Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
467Jackson School of Global Affairs, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
468NSI, Inc., Washington, DC, USA.
469Department of Communication Studies, Northwestern University, Evanston, Il, USA.
470Department of Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Il, USA.
471Department of Marketing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
472Department of Social & Human Research, Romanian Academy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
473Department of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
474Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
475Center for Law and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
476Education, Research, Statistics, and Evaluation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
477History and Art History, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
478Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan.
479Greenwich Business School, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
480Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
481Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
482Leiden Institute of Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
483Donders Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
484Business, LAB University of Applied Sciences, Lappeenranta, Finland.
485Visiting Researcher, LUT Business School, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland.
486Turku School of Economics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
487Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
488Department of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
489Research Group Neural Circuits, Consciousness and Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany.
490Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
491Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
492Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
493Department of Organizational Behavior, INSEAD, Singapore, Singapore.
494Independent Researcher, Sheffield, UK.
495Optentia Research Unit, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
496Department of Sociology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
497Methodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Child and Education Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
498Department of Economics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
499Department of Psychology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA.
500DISTUM, Department of Humanities, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy.
501IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Lido Venice, Italy.
502Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
503Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
504Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
505Economics, Newcastle University Business School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
506Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
507Perceptive Discovery, Perceptive, London, UK.
508Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland.
509Darden School of Business, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
510Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
511Department of Information Systems, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
512Department of Psychology I, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
513Stockholm Business School, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
514Leibniz Institute for Financial Research SAFE, Frankfurt, Germany.
515Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA.
516University of Kentucky Medical School, Lexington, KY, USA.
517Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
518Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
519Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
520Department of Business Economics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain.
521Institute of Applied Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
522Cognitive Science Department, Central European University, Vienna, Austria.
523Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy.
524Data and Analytics, Texas State Technical College, Waco, TX, USA.
525Institute of Education(IOE), Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, UK.
526Cameron School of Business, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA.
527Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
528Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
529Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany.
530Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
531Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
532Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
533Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
534Research Group Neural Circuits, Consciousness, and Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt, Germany.
535Institute of Psychology, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
536Department of Psychology, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, USA.
537U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC, USA.
538Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
539Department of Economics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
540Center for Open Science, Washington, DC, USA.
541University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
PubMed DOI

Abstract

The same dataset can be analysed in different justifiable ways to answer the same research question, potentially challenging the robustness of empirical science1-3. In this crowd initiative, we investigated the degree to which research findings in the social and behavioural sciences are contingent on analysts' choices. We examined a stratified random sample of 100 studies published between 2009 an…

Create a free account to keep reading

Free members get 10 full research views every month across publications, clinical trials, FDA clearances, adverse events, and NIH grants. No credit card required.

Create Free AccountSign In

Want unlimited research access? See Pro plans

Data Accuracy Notice: Research intelligence on Health AI Central is aggregated from public sources (PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, FDA, NIH, CMS, and others) and refreshed nightly. Classifications and derived metrics are produced by automated methods described in our Methodology. We recommend verifying critical data points against the primary sources before making decisions.